WAYNE S. COLE RESEARCH COLLECTION
This collection of the professional correspondence of Wayne S. Cole of the
Department of History at the University of Maryland-College Park covers the years
from 1946 to 1994--roughly the last half of the twentieth century. It is organized in
three parts: 1) Correspondence with professional associates (arranged alphabetically
by name of correspondent and chronologically in the correspondence with each
individual); 2) correspondence relating to Professor Cole's books, articles, and papers
presented at professional meetings (arranged chronologically); and 3) correspondence
relating to the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR)
(arranged in topical folders).
Wayne S. Cole was a professional historian specializing in the history of
American foreign relations, particularly during the Franklin D. Roosevelt era before
and during World War II. Much of his research and writing focused on noninterventionist
or so-called "isolationist" opposition to American involvement in World War II.
Cole was born in Manning in western Iowa on November 11, 1922 of
Scotch-Irish and Norwegian-American descent. In 1936 he moved with his parents
and younger sister to Slater in central Iowa where he graduated from high school in
1940. He attended Iowa State Teachers College in Cedar Falls before enlisting in the
Army Air Force during World War II. He trained as a single-engine airplane pilot,
receiving his pilot wings and commission at Luke Field, Arizona on February 8, 1944.
Ordered to flight instructor school at Randolph Field, Texas, he served as a basic flight
instructor at Merced Army Air Base in California, and later at Minter Field, Bakersfield,
California, until the war ended in September 1945.
Returning to civilian life, Cole graduated from Iowa State Teachers College
(now called the University of Northern Iowa) in 1946 and taught high school one year
before enrolling in graduate school at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Specializing
in American diplomatic history under the direction of Professor Fred Harvey Harrington,
Cole earned his master's degree in 1948 and his doctorate in January 1951.
On December 24, 1950, he married Virginia Rae Miller in Madison, Wisconsin.
They had one son, Thomas Roy Cole, born in Ames, Iowa on August 29, 1960.
In 1950, Cole began his university teaching career at the University of Arkansas
in Fayetteville before accepting a visiting position at Iowa State College in 1952 and
moving there for a regular appointment in 1954. His first two books (on the America
First Committee and on Senator Gerald P. Nye) were published while he was on the
faculty there, and in 1962-63 he served as a Fulbright lecturer at the University of
Keele in England while on leave from Iowa State University.
In 1965, Cole was appointed professor of history at the University of Maryland
in College Park where he taught American diplomatic history for twenty-seven years.
While on the faculty at the University of Maryland he wrote four books: an interpretive
textbook on the history of American foreign relations, a study of Charles A. Lindbergh's
noninterventionist activities before American entry into World War II, a major volume
on Franklin D. Roosevelt and the isolationists, and a general study of diplomatic
relations between Norway and the United States from 1905 to 1955. He was awarded
fellowships by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1973) and the
National Endowment for the Humanities (1978-79). He held various positions in the
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR), rising to become
national president of SHAFR in 1973. The University of Maryland named him
Distinguished Scholar-Teacher in 1989-90. After his retirement in 1992 at the age of
69, Cole was named professor emeritus, and continued to live in suburban Maryland
just outside Washington, D. C. In 1994 the Society for Historians of American Foreign
Relations honored him with the Norman and Laura Graebner Award as the senior
historian who had contributed most significantly to the fuller understanding of
American diplomatic history. His seventh and last book, published in 1995, was a
collection of interpretive essays entitled, Determinism and American Foreign
Relations During the Franklin D. Roosevelt Era.
Professional Correspondence
Adams - Anderson
Anglo-American - Axel
Bader - Baxter
Beale - Berthrong
Biggerstaff - Boyle
Bradbury - Butler
Call - Clifford
Cobb - Cover
Cole, Wayne S.
Craven - Curti
Dallek - Divine
Dodd - Downs
Doenecke, Justus D.
Drummond - Dyson
Eames - Evans
Fahrney - Fite
Folsom - Fulkerson
Gaddis - Girard
Glad - Graebner
Grantham - Gwiazda
Haber - Hayter
Harrington, Fred Harvey
Harrington Festschrift
Healy - Hitchman
Hodgkinson - Hunter
Iriye - Israel
Jablon - Jones
Kajiura - Kepley
Kerr - Kyvig
LaFeber - Leffler
Lenihan - Lundestad
MacLean, Elizabeth K.
Maney - May
McCluggage - McWilliams
Mearns - Mugridge
Nash - Nussbaum
O'Boyle - Owlett
Parham - Pletcher
Plischke - Prange
Ragland - Ritchie
Roberts - Rylance
Sage - Shannon
Sharp - Smart
Smith - Smythe
Sniegoski - Sylvester
Talbot - Thomas
Thompson - Tuttle
Ubbelohde - Utley
Van Alstyne - Vinson
Walker, J. Samuel
Wall - Whitnah
Wiebenga - Woodward
Xu - Zobrist
Correspondence Relating to Professor Cole’s Published Books, Arcticles,
Chapters, and Papers Presented At Professional Meetings
Correspondence with former leaders of the America First Committee
and with others involved in the foreign policy debate before
Pearl Harbor (1947-1952).
"War or Peace: America First Committee Strategy, 1940-1941," Paper
presented at joint session of MVHA and AHA, New York City,
December 28, 1951.
Books, New York, 1971.
"America First and the South, 1940-1941," Paper presented at session
of MVHA, Madison, Wisconsin, April 23, 1954, and published
as an article in Journal of Southern History 22 (February, 1956): 36-47.
"American Entry into World War II: A Historiographical Appraisal,"
"Senator Key Pittman and American Neutrality Policies, 1933-1940,"
"Senator Gerald P. Nye and Agrarian Bases for American Isolationism," Paper
presented at session of Mississippi Valley Historical Association
meeting, Detroit, Michigan, on April 22, 1961.
Press, Westport, Conn., 1980.
"The United States in World Affairs, 1929-1941," in Interpreting and
Richard L. Watson, Jr. Thirty-First Yearbook of the National
Council for the Social Studies, Washington, D. C., 1961, pp. 282-95.
"An Interpretive Approach to the History of American Foreign Relations,"
Paper presented at Forty-Second Annual Conference of the
Teachers of History and the Social Studies, State University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, April 3, 1964. This paper in almost
identical form also was presented at a session at the meeting of
the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association
at Stanford University, California, August 29, 1967.
Comments on Manfred Jonas paper, "Pro-Axis Sentiment and
American Isolationism," at meeting of Mississippi Valley
Historical Association, Kansas City, Missouri, April 22-24, 1965.
"Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Neutrality Policies," Paper
presented at joint session of OAH and AHA, San Francisco,
California, December 28-30, 1965.
the Origins of the Cold War," at session of the Southern
Historical Association meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana,
November 7, 1968.
"Domestic Influences on United States Foreign Relations in the
Twentieth Century," Paper presented at Conference on the
National Archives and Foreign Relations Research, Washington,
D. C., June 16-17, 1969, and published as a chapter in
"Japanese-American Relations, 1931-1941: The Role of the United
States Congress and Political Parties," Paper presented at
Conference on Japanese-American Relations, 1931-1941, in
Kawaguchi, Japan, July 14-18, 1969, and published as a chapter
in Pearl Harbor as History: Japanese-American Relations, 1931-1941,
edited by Dorothy Borg and Shumpei Okamoto with
Dale K. A. Finlayson, New York and London: Columbia
University Press, 1973, pp. 303-320, and also in a four-volume
Japanese-language edition published in Tokyo, Japan.
"American Isolationists and the Axis Challenges," Unpublished book
written for series being edited by Norman A. Graebner for
Ginn-Blaisdell Publishers.
"Access to Government Documents: Current Developments--United
States and British Diplomatic Records," Paper presented at
AHA meeting, December 1972.
"A Tale of Two Isolationists--Told Three Wars Later," SHAFR
Presidential Address, presented at SHAFR luncheon at
AHA meeting, San Francisco, California, December 28,
1973, and published in The Society for Historians of
An Interpretive History of American Foreign Relations. Revised
edition. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press, 1974.
Fellowship at Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Smithsonian "Castle," Washington, D. C., January through
August, 1973.
Reviews of Lindbergh book.
"Isolationism," in Dictionary of American History, Revised
edition, 1976, vol. III, pp. 479-80.
Comments for session on Quantitative History, Southern
Historical Association meeting, Dallas, Texas,
November 7, 1975.
Comments on paper by Dr. Milton O. Gustafson on "Records
in the National Archives Relating to America and the
Holy Land," Washington, D. C., September 9, 1975,
and published in With Eyes Toward Zion: Scholars
Moshe Davis, New York: Arno Press, 1977, pp. 153-58.
"Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932-1945,"
Address at Conference on War and Diplomacy, The
Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, March 12, 1976,
and published in Proceedings of the conference, edited
by David H. White, 1976, pp. 1-11.
"Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle Against Intervention,"
Lecture at National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D. C., May 20, 1977, at a
symposium on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of
Lindbergh's flight from New York to Paris, and published
in Charles A. Lindbergh: An American Life, edited by
Tom D. Crouch, Washington: National Air and Space
Museum, 1977, pp. 49-56.
Comments on paper by Dr. William B. Bader on "Congress and
the 'War Powers': Roosevelt's 'Little" War," at the
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
Washington, D. C., October 26, 1977.
"Midwestern Isolationism in the Twentieth Century," Louis
Martin Sears Lecture, Purdue University, West LaFayette,
Indiana, February 22, 1978.
"Henrik Shipstead," in Dictionary of American Biography:
Sons, 1980, pp. 577-79.
Chair of session on "Conflict in the Department of State over
Latin American Policy, 1937- 1947," American Historical
Association meeting, New York, New York,
December 29, 1979.
"Gerald P. Nye and Agrarian Bases for the Rise and Fall of
American Isolationism," Paper presented at conference
at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, April 2, 1980,
and later published in Three Faces of Midwestern
Center for the Study of the Recent History of the United
States, 1981, pp. 1-10.
Editorial Board of The Historian, 1980-1991.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York, 1952-1990.
Herbert Hoover Library, West Branch, Iowa, 1969-1981.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for FBI and
Justice Department documents relevant for project on
"Roosevelt and the Isolationists," 1976-1981.
National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for
Independent Study and Research and Sabbatical Leave
from the University of Maryland, 1978-1979.
"Roosevelt and the Isolationists," Paper presented at symposium
in honor of the retirement of Fred Harvey Harrington,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, April 29, 1982.
Reviews of Roosevelt and the Isolationists.
Comments for session on "New Evidence on Pearl Harbor" at
Sixth Naval History Symposium, United States Naval
Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, September 29, 1983.
Chair for session on "Franklin D. Roosevelt and American
Intervention in World War II" at joint session of
SHAFR and Pacific Coast Branch of the AHA,
Stanford, California, June 27, 1985.
"With the Advice and Consent of the Senate: The
Treaty-Making Process before the Cold War Years,"
at the Jacob K. Javits Collection Inaugural Conference
on Congress and United States Foreign Policy, State
University of New York at Stony Brook, New York,
October 24, 1985, and later published in Congress and
Force in the Nuclear Age
Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987, pp. 79-89.
"America First Committee" and "Isolationism," in Franklin D.
edited by Otis L. Graham, Jr. and Meghan Robinson
Wander, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1985, pp. 6, 211-13.
Consultant for "The Road to War" television series, BBC and
WETA, 1984-1989.
Comments on paper by Magne Skodvin on "Nordic or North
Atlantic? The Postwar Scandinavian Debate," Woodrow
Wilson Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D. C., September 26, 1988.
"World War II: Reality and Remembrance," Lecture series
sponsored by Fairfax County Libraries, Virginia and
NEH, 1986-1989.
"Isolationism," in Harry S. Truman Encyclopedia, edited by
Richard S. Kirkendall, Boston: G. K. Hall and Co., 1989,
pp. 179-80.
Oral History Program of the Association for Diplomatic Studies
(Richard B. Parker and Charles Stuart Kennedy),
Washington, D. C., 1987-1989.
University of Maryland at College Park, MD,
December 22, 1989.
"American Appeasement," in Appeasement in Europe: A Reassessment
Challener, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990, pp. 1-20.
Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Award, University of Maryland -
College Park, 1989-1990.
Comments on paper by Irwin Gellman on "The Downfall of Sumner
Welles, 1942-43," and chair of session on "United States - Latin
American Relations During World War II," at Conference of
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, George
Washington University, Washington, D. C., June 19-22, 1991.
never written nor published).
"Isolationism," in Reader's Companion to American History,
edited by Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991, pp. 575-77.
"What Might Have Been," Chonicles: A Magazine of American
the America First Committee--50 years later).
"You Can't Get There from Here--But I Did! Determinism and the
History of American Foreign Relations," The Society for
(September 1992): 17-37.
"From Isolation to Intervention in World War II, 1933-41," in
Safeguarding the Republic: Essays and Documents in American
York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992, pp. 87-107.
"United States Isolationism in the 1990s?" in International Journal 48
(Winter 1992-3): 32-51.
"Isolationism," in Encyclopedia of the American Presidency. New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1993.
"And Then There Were None! How Arthur H. Vandenberg and Gerald
P. Nye Separately Departed Isolationist Leadership Roles," in
Behind the Throne: Servants of Power to Imperial Presidents,
Edited by Thomas J. McCormick and Walter LaFeber, Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1993, pp. 232-53.
Comments at Symposium in Honor of Fred Harvey Harrington,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, March 11-12, 1994.
"Gerald P. Nye," "Nye Committee," and "Lend-Lease," in Encyclopedia
Bennett Champ Clark, Charles A. Lindbergh, Gerald P. Nye, Edward
Rickenbacker, and Burton K. Wheeler, in American National
Remembering World War II. Supervising Editor, Sylvia Riggs Liroff,
Washington: National Council on the Aging, 1994.
Charles A. Lindbergh, and Ludlow Amendment, in The Encyclopedia of
Council on Foreign Relations, 1995.
Correspondence Relating to Society For Historians of American Foreign
Relations (SHAFR)
Joseph P. O'Grady and Early Years of SHAFR, 1967-1974.
Search for new SHAFR Executive Secretary to Replace Joseph P.
O'Grady, 1973.
Warren F. Kuehl and SHAFR, 1973-1987.
Lawrence S. Kaplan and SHAFR, 1973-l981.
Stuart L. Bernath Prizes, 1972-1974 (1969-1993).
SHAFR Newsletter (Gerald E. Wheeler, Nolan Fowler, and William J.
Brinker), 1969-1989.
Leon E. Boothe, SHAFR Membership Committee, 1973-1974.
SHAFR Roster and Research Lists.
SHAFR By-Laws
Regional SHAFR Meeting, 1973.
SHAFR Council Meetings, 1967-1981.
SHAFR Business Meetings, 1968-1971.
SHAFR Meeting with AHA, San Francisco, CA, December 27-28, 1973.
Cole's SHAFR Presidential Address, "A Tale of Two Isolationists
--Told Three Wars Later," San Francisco, California, December 28, 1973.
Background of SHAFR History Journal--Diplomatic History--1972-1977.
SHAFR Budget and Finances, 1968-1983.
SHAFR Programs and Program Committees, 1970-1992.
SHAFR Nominating Committee, 1973.
SHAFR Elections, 1970-1990.
SHAFR and Department of State Fellowships or Internships for
Foreign Relations Series, 1969.
Background and Accomplishment of SHAFR Guide to American
Declassification of Department of State Records, 1967-1977.
Gary R. Hess, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of SHAFR, 1979-1981.
David F. Trask and the Department of State Foreign Relations Series, 1976-1981.
SHAFR Committee on Government Relations, 1980-1989
--Correspondence.
SHAFR Committee on Government Relations, 1979-1993
--Miscellaneous Documents and Clippings.
6th Annual SHAFR Meeting, University of Maryland - College Park,
August 14-16, 1980.
W. Stull Holt Dissertation Fellowship Committee, 1987-1989.
16th Annual SHAFR Meeting, University of Maryland - College Park,
August 1-4, 1990.
Department of State - Non-Governmental Organizations Workshop,
Washington, D. C., July 8-9, 1975.
American Committee on the History of the Second World War.
REGISTER AND FINDING AID FOR RESEARCH MATERIALS
ON
AMERICAN ISOLATIONISM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
BY
WAYNE S. COLE
Department of History
University of Maryland - College Park
College Park, Maryland
The research materials in this collection were accumulated and compiled during
the thirty-five years between 1947 and 1982 by Professor Wayne S. Cole of the
Department of History at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. They
were used as the bases for his books on American isolationism and isolationists:
America First: The Battle Against Intervention, 1940-1941 (1953); Senator Gerald P.
Nye and American Foreign Relations (1962); Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle
Against American Intervention in World War II (1974); and Roosevelt and the
Isolationists, 1932-45 (1983); as well as for his various articles and chapters on the
subject.
The collection consists of six categories of materials: 1) notes typed in the
course of research in more than one hundred relevant manuscript and archival collections
In the United States and England; 2) printed primary sources and photocopies of
documents; 3) microfilm of relevant documents; 4) audio tapes of speeches by and
about isolationists and isolationism; 5) published books on American isolationism and
isolationists; and 6) reprints of scholarly articles on the subject. The first category is
unique.
1). TYPED RESEARCH NOTES
These notes were typed in the course of doing research in manuscripts and
documents located in the following libraries, archives, and depositories:
Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Bentley Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Georgetown University Library, Washington, D. C.
Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Hoover Library on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford, California.
Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D. C.
Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas.
Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota.
National Archives and Records Center, Washington, D. C.
New York Public Library, New York, New York.
Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey.
Public Record Office, London, England.
State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Theodore R. McKeldin Library, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa.
University of Oregon Library, Eugene, Oregon.
University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.
William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
The following is a list of the specific manuscript and archival collections
researched in those twenty-four depositories as well as in private hands:
Ackerman, Carl W., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Alsop, Joseph W., and Alsop,Stewart J.O., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington,D.C.
America First Committee Papers, Hoover Library on War, Revolution and Peace,
Stanford, California.
Arnold, Henry H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Bailey, Josiah W., Papers, William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina.
Balderston, John I., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Barkley, Alben W., Papers, Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky.
Benedict, Ruth Sarles, Papers, Washington, D. C.
Berle, Adolf A., Papers and Diary, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Biddle, Francis, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Bixby, Harold M., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Borah, William E., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Breckinridge, Henry, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
British Foreign Office Records, Public Record Office, London, England.
Burton, Harold H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Castle, William R., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Clapper, Raymond, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Committee to Defend America Papers, Princeton University Library, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Connally, Tom, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Couzens, James, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Creel, George, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Cutting, Bronson M., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Davis, Elmer, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Davis, Norman H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Dern, George H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Dodd, William E., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Early, Stephen T., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Farley, James A., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Fight for Freedom Committee Papers, Princeton University Library, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Fletcher, Henry P., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Flynn, John T., Papers, University of Oregon Library, Eugene, Oregon.
Frankfurter, Felix, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Glass, Carter, Papers, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Green, Theodore Francis, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Halifax, Lord, Papers, Public Record Office, London, England.
Holmes, John Haynes, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Hoover, Herbert, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Hopkins, Harry, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Hull, Cordell, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Ickes, Harold L., Papers and Diary, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Johnson, Hiram, Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Knox, Frank, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
LaFollette Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
LaFollette, Philip F., Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
LaGuardia, Fiorello H., Papers, Municipal Archives and Records Center, New York
Public Library, New York, New York.
Land, Emory Scott, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Landon, Alf M., Papers, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas.
Lewis, James Hamilton, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Lindbergh, Charles A., Papers, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut.
Long, Breckinridge, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
McAdoo, William Gibbs, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
McNary, Charles L., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
MacNider, Hanford, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Marshall, Verne, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Mellett, Lowell, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Mills, Ogden L., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Milton, George Fort, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Moffat, Jay Pierrepont, Papers and Diary, Houghton Library, Harvard University,
Cambridge,Massachusetts.
Moore, R. Walton, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., Presidential Diaries, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde
Park, New York.
Norris, George W., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Nye, Gerald P., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Phillips, William, Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Pinchot, Amos R. E., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Pittman, Key, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Rainey, Henry T., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Reid Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Richberg, Donald R., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Rosenman, Samuel I., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Sayre, Francis B., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Schwellenbach, Lewis, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Sevareid, Eric, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Shipstead, Henrik, Papers, Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Shouse, Jouett, Papers, Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky.
Smith, Truman, "Air Intelligence Activities: Office of the Military Attache, American
Embassy,Berlin, Germany, August 1935--April 1939 with Special Reference to
the Service of Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, Air Corps (res.)," Sterling
Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Stimson, Henry L., Papers and Diary, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut.
Stuart, R. Douglas, Jr., Papers, Chicago, Illinois.
Taft, Robert A., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Tansill, Charles C., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Thomas, Elbert D., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Trohan, Walter, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Tugwell, Rexford G., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Tydings, Millard F., Papers, Theodore R. McKeldin Library, University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland.
U.S. Congress, House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Papers,
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, House of Representatives Papers Supporting Bills and Resolutions,
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Papers, National Archives,
Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, Senate Papers Supporting Bills and Resolutions, National Archives,
Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, Senate Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry Records,
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation Papers, J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Justice, Department of, Papers, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
U.S. State, Department of, Records, National Archives, Washington, D. C.
Vandenberg, Arthur H., Papers, Bentley, Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan.
Villard, Oswald Garrison, Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Wadsworth Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Wagner, Robert F., Papers, Georgetown University Library, Washington, D. C.
Wallace, Henry A., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Wallace, Henry A., Papers and Diary, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa.
Walsh, David I., Papers, Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester,
Massachusetts.
Walsh-Erickson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
White, Wallace H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
White, William Allen, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Wilson, Hugh R., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Wood, Robert E., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Note that the extensiveness of the research in these collections varied widely.
In some collections (e.g. the Gerald P. Nye papers) the research involved examining
every piece of paper in the entire collection. In others (e.g. the Henry L. Stimson
papers and diaries) the research involved only those portions directly related to the
project at hand. In some cases (e.g. the America First Committee papers and the
Walter Trohan papers) additions were made to the collection after the research for
this file was accomplished and those additions to the collection were not examined.
In still other cases (e.g. the Franklin D. Roosevelt papers) the research was
accomplished before all items were opened, but the researcher returned to re-examine
the papers again after additional items were opened and made available to scholars.
Thus for the subject of American isolationism (especially in the 1930s and 1940s)
the research is as thorough and complete as possible; that would not necessarily be
the case for other topics treated in the several manuscript and archival collections.
FORMAT OF THESE RESEARCH NOTES:
All of these notes were typed on sheets of paper 5 inches by 8 inches in size,
with both a ribbon copy and a carbon copy--filed separately. The notes typed from
the America First Committee Papers in Hoover Library do not include carbons; they
used cross-reference slips instead for the filing system. A few of the notes were
written by hand; there are no carbons of the handwritten notes. All the other notes
typed for this collection, however, include both a ribbon copy and a carbon--filed
separately.
The upper left-hand corner of each note lists the topic or topics treated in the
note. The upper right-hand corner lists the source or original document from which
it was typed, its details, and its location. Notes typed from the America First
Committee papers at Stanford do not list the name of the collection; all other notes
do list the collection from which typed. Occasionally copies of a document were in
more than one collection or file (e.g. original in one file and the carbon in another),
so sometimes one may encounter as many as four copies of a single document in this
file (i.e. two ribbon and two carbon copies).
Nearly all of the notes are direct quotations from the original documents.
When portions of the original document were not included in the typed research note
the omission was indicated with periods (i.e. three periods when the omitted material
was all within one sentence; four or more periods when the omitted material included
the end of a sentence or consisted of a full sentence or more.)
handled by a "backhanded" proof reading system. That is, if there was an error in the
original document being copied, this was noted as follows: (wsc sic). One then knows
that the error was in the original document and if quoted should be quoted with the
error of the original included. Any error in a research note that is NOT marked
(wsc sic) was an error made in the process of typing the research note; the error was
NOT in the original document. If it is quoted the error should be corrected in the
quoted material. A commonly encountered form of typing error in these research notes
involves simple strike-over of the typing error. Another common form of typing error
in these research notes includes skipping spaces; this error was the fault of the
typewriter and is frequently encountered in these notes. Using this "backhanded"
proof-reading system one can be quite certain of accuracy in the final product.
The filing system has three color-coded levels: Half-cut blue dividers for major
subject categories; third-cut salmon dividers for sub-headings; and fifth-cut yellow
dividers for sub-sub-headings. In rare cases there are still smaller divisions that are
handled simply with paper clips. Behind each divider the notes generally are arranged
in chronological order. The major subject categories are as follows:
Bibliography and Research Data
Isolationists (General)
Noninterventionist and Pacifist Leaders
Pacifist and Noninterventionist Pressure Groups
Internationalist and Interventionist Leaders
Internationalist and Interventionist Pressure Groups Charles A. Lindbergh
Sectionalism and American Foreign Affairs
Ethnic and Racial Groups
Religious and Church Groups
America First Committee
Neutrality Acts and Noninterventionist Proposals
Internationalist Proposals and Aid to Britain & Allies
Disarmament and Armaments
Media of Mass Communication
Political Developments
Economic Aspects of International Affairs
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Individual Countries and Regions of the World.
In compiling the filing system originally there were certain priorities making
some file categories fuller and more nearly complete than others. For example, all the
biographical headings in drawers number 1, 2, 3, and 13 (that is, all the biographical
headings except the Lindbergh file) are NOT priority files and do NOT contain all the
notes in the collection on that individual. In contrast, the file headings on neutrality
acts and other noninterventionist proposals (i.e. drawer number 7) and headings on
internationalist and aid-short-of-war actions (i.e. drawer number 8) are quite complete--
containing all or nearly all of the notes in the collection on those subjects. To make
certain that one locates all the relevant materials on any particular subject in this
collection of research notes one should check under various related headings in the
files. The complete file of research notes with all categories included is as follows:
FIRST FILE DRAWER:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH DATA:
Manuscripts I Used in My Research
Manuscripts I Have Not Yet Examined
Periodical Articles
Books
Government Documents
Newspapers
Historiography of U.S. Entry into World War II
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
Biographical Data on Authors
Book Reviews on U.S. Entry into World War II
Research Suggestions and Ideas
ISOLATIONISTS (GENERAL):
Interpretive Memos
Definitions
General Accounts
Sources of Support (General)
Early History of Isolationism
NONINTERVENTIONIST AND PACIFIST LEADERS:
Adams, Charles Francis
Adams, Samuel Hopkins
Alderman, Garland L.
Bailey, Josiah W.
Barbour, William W.
Barnes, Harry Elmer
Barnes, Mars. Katrina McCormick
Beard, Charles A.
Beard, Mary
Benton, William
Bliss, Robert L.
Blodgett, John W. Jr.
Boeckel, Florence
Boldt, Joseph R. Jr.
Bone, Homer T.
Borah, William E.
Borchard, Edwin M.
Bowles, Chester
Brewster, Kingman Jr.
Bromley, Dorothy Dunbar
Brooks, C. Wayland
Brundage, Avery
Burch, Frank B.
Burnham, John
Capper, Arthur
Carlson, Anton J.
Case, Otto
Castle, William R.
Chase, Frederick H.
Chase, Stuart
Clark, Bennett Champ:
Biography - Clark
Personality and Character
Economic and Political Views
General Foreign Policy Views
Clark and America First and Speaking Engagements
Clark, Mrs. B. C. (Marian)
Clark, D. Worth
Cobb, Irvin S.
Coughlin, Charles E.
Couzens, James
Cudahy, John
Cutting, Bronson
Day, Stephen A.
Dennett, Prescott
Detzer, Dorothy
Dewey, Thomas E.
Ellender, Allen J.
Fairbank, Janet Ayer
Fish, Hamilton
FitzSimons, Mrs. Ellen French Vanderbilt
Fleischer, Charles
Fleischmann, Mrs. C.
Flynn, John T.
Ford, Henry
Fosdick, Harry Emerson
George, Walter F.
Gish, Lillian
Hammaker, Wilbur E.
Hammond, Thomas S.
Harriss, Robert M.
Hart, Merwin K.
Hearst, William Randolph
Hertzberg, Sidney
Hill, George
Hill, Knute
Hoffman, Clare
Holt, Rush
Hoover, Herbert
Hormel, Jay C.
Hoyt, Lansing
Hufty, Page
Hutcheson, William L.
Hutchins, Robert M.
Hyde, Herbert K.
Ingalls, Laura
Jeffrey, Earl
Jessup, Philip C.
Johnson, Hiram
Johnson, Hugh S.
Judson, Clay
Kennedy, Joseph P.
Krueger, Maynard
SECOND FILE DRAWER:
NONINTERVENTIONIST AND PACIFIST LEADERS (CONTINUED):
LaFollette, Philip
LaFollette, Robert M. Jr.
Landon, Alfred M.
Langer, William
Lewis, John L.
Libby, Frederick J.
Long, Huey
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt
Lowden, Frank O.
Ludlow, Lewis:
Biography
Economic and Political Views
Foreign Policy Views
Lundeen, Ernest
McCormick, Robert R.
McNary, Charles L.
MacNider, Hanford
Manion, Clarence
Marshall, Verne
Milbank, Jeremiah
Moley, Raymond
Moore, Richard A.
Morrison, Charles Clayton
Morton, Sterling
Mundt, Karl
Murray, William H.
Norris, George W.
Norris, Kathleen
Nye, Gerald P.
Bibliography
Interpretive Memos
Research Suggestions
Biographical Accounts
Personality and Personal Life
Ancestors and Parents
Childhood and Education
Newspaper Career
Appointment to Senate and Seated
Political Views
Economic Views
Foreign Policy Views
Defense Views
Voting Record in Senate
Senate Investigations
Speaking Tours
Nye and America First Committee
Reaction to Pearl Harbor--Pittsburgh Meeting
Farewell Address
Career After Leaving Senate
O'Brien, The Rev. John A.
Oliver, James C.
Otis, J. Sanford
Palmer, Albert W.
Patterson, Joseph M.
Peek, George N.
Pelley, William Dudley
Pettengill, Samuel B.
Pinchot, Amos R. E.
Pittman, Key:
Interpretive Memos
Biographical Data
Personality and Character
Political Career
General Economic Views
Pittman and Foreign Affairs
Pope, James P.
Raushenbush, Stephen
Regnery, William H.
Reynolds, Robert R.
Richardson, H. Smith
Rickenbacker, Edward
Rosenwald, Lessing J.
Ryerson, Edward L. Jr.
Sarles, Ruth
Shafer, Paul W.
Shipstead, Henrik
Short, Dewey
Simms, Ruth Hanna McCormick
Smith, Gerald L. K.
Smythe, Edward James
Stuart, R. Douglas, Jr.
Swift, Philip T.
Tabor, Louis J.
Taft, Robert A.
Thomas, Norman
Tobey, Charles W.
Townsend, Ralph
Tydings, Millard E.
Vandenberg, Arthur H.:
Biography
Personality
Economic and Political Views
General Foreign Policy Views
Presidential Contender
Viereck, George Sylvester
Villard, Oswald Garrison
Walsh, David I.
Wheeler, Burton K.:
Biography
Personality and Character
Political and Economic Views
Foreign Policy Views
Wheeler and America First and Speaking Tours
Williams, Alford J.
Wood, General Robert E.:
Interpretive Memos
Biographical Data
Personality and Character
Economic Views
Political Views and Activities
Foreign Policy Views
Role in America First
Role in World War II
After World War II
Woodring, Harry
THIRD FILE DRAWER:
PACIFIST AND NONINTERVENTIONIST PRESSURE GROUPS:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
National Council for the Prevention of War--Libby
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom—Detzer
National Committee for the War Referendum
Keep America Out of War Congress
Fellowship of Reconciliation
American Peace Mobilization
Miscellaneous "Mothers" Groups
German-American Bund
Steuben Society of America
Social Justice Movement--Father Coughlin
Committee of l,000,000--Gerald L. K. Smith
Keep America Out of War Committee--Avery Brundage
No Foreign War Committee--Verne Marshall
American Legion
Townsend Movement
Miscellaneous Peace and Isolationist Groups
INTERNATIONALIST AND INTERVENTIONIST LEADERS:
Interventionist Manuscript Collections
General Accounts
Miscellaneous Interventionists
Armstrong, Hamilton Fish
Balderston, John L.
Baruch, Bernard M.
Bell, Ulrich
Berle, Adolf A. Jr.
Bullitt, William C.
Butler, Nicholas Murray
Byrd, Richard
Clark, Grenville
Conant, James B.
Coudert, Frederic R.
Davis, Norman H.
Dodd, William E.
Douglas, Lewis W.
Eichelberger, Clark M.
Fairbanks, Douglas, Jr.
Gerard, James W.
Glass, Carter
Hull, Cordell
Ickes, Harold L.
Knox, Frank
LaGuardia, Fiorello H.
Lamont, Thomas W.
Luce, Henry R.
McAdoo, William Gibbs
MacLeish, Archibald
McReynolds, Sam D.
Moore, R. Walton
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.
Morison, Samuel Eliot
Sayre, Francis B.
Sherwood, Robert E.
Smith, Alfred E.
Spellman, Francis
Stimson, Henry L.
Streit, Clarence
Swope, Herbert B.
Thomas, Elbert D.
Thompson, Dorothy
Wadsworth, James W.
Wallace, Henry A.
Warburg, James P.
Welles, Sumner
White, William Allen
Winchell, Walter
Wise, Stephen S.
Zanuck, Darryl F.
INTERNATIONALIST AND INTERVENTIONIST PRESSURE GROUPS:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
League of Nations Association
The American Foundation
Women's World Court Committee
Committee on Economic Policy
American Committee for Non-Participation in Japanese Aggression--Harry B. Price
Non-Partisan Neutrality Committee in New England
Council Against Anti-Semitism
Union Now and Clarence Streit
National Policy Committee
Citizens Committee for Repeal of the Embargo
William Allen White and Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies:
General
W. A. White,
1931-38
1939-1940
CDAAA 1940
FDR Role in CDAAA and With W.A.White
CDAAA
1941
1942-45
Fight for Freedom, Inc. 1941
Century Club
Friends of Democracy and L. M. Birkhead
Lowell Mellett and National Emergency Council
Office of Civilian Defense and F.LaGuardia l941-42
Plattsburg Group
Associated Leagues for a Declaration of War - 1941
American Legion
War Relief Societies
United Nations Association
Bundles for Britain
Committee for Concerted Peace Efforts
Miscellaneous Organizations
FOURTH FILE DRAWER:
CHARLES A. LINDBERGH:
Bibliography
Interpretive Data
Biographical Data
Personality and Character
Aviation Career
Political and Economic Views
Stay in Europe, 1936-39:
General
England and English
France, Carrel, and Illiec
Soviet Union
Germany and Smith
Air Intelligence
C.A.L. and Munich
French Schemes Re: Planes and Engines
Trip to India
U.S.A.
German Reports on C.A.L.
British Propaganda and Other Foreign Interventionist Propaganda
National Defense Views
Foreign Policy Views
Lindbergh and F.D.R. Administration:
General
1933-1935
1936-1939
1939-1940
1940-1941
1941-1945
Noninterventionist Activities Not Through the America First Committee:
Background of Crusade--Lindbergh and Castle
Radio Addresses 1939-1940
Armstrong No Foreign War Campaign and Committee, 1939-1941
Chicago Rally, August 1940
Lend Lease, 1941
Isolationist Associates
Criticisms Before April 1941
Public Opinion on C.A.L.
Lindbergh and America First:
C.A.L. and A.F.C. Before April 1941
Lindbergh and Wood
C.A.L.'s A.F.C. Rallies, 1941
Attacks on Lindbergh
Fan Letters
Public Opinion on C.A.L.
Des Moines Speech:
Des Moines Rally and Speech
Critic Responses to Des Moines Speech
Responses of Friends of America First
Chapter Reactions to Des Moines Speech
Critical Chapter Reactions to Des Moines Speech
Chapter Reaction Extreme Pro-Lindbergh
Moderate Chapter Reaction
National Committee Member Reaction
Executive Committee Member Reaction
Staff and Adviser Reaction
Headquarters Meeting, Statement, and Policy
After Pearl Harbor:
A.F.C. After Pearl Harbor
Air Corps and F.D.R. Administration
Ford
Foreign Policy Views After Pearl Harbor
Combat in Pacific
Trip to Europe
Views After World War II
3x5 Index Slips to My Research Notes From Lindbergh's Noninterventionist Speeches:
Historical Lessons
Greece
Rome
Washington Farewell Address
World War I Lessons
Versailles Treaty
Isolationism
Independent Destiny
Internal Aspects
Japan and Asia
Racial Patterns
Western Civilization
Europe
England
France
Russia
Germany
Italy
Poland
Negotiated Peace
Air Power
Power, War, Realism
Atomic and Rocket Power
Geography
Bases
Greenland and Iceland
Alaska and Hawaii
Philippines
Canada
Frontier on Rhine
Defense
Western Hemisphere
Neutrality
United States
Embargo and Lend Lease
War Agitators
Propaganda
Press
Smears
Economic Aspects
Intellectuals
Ideals and Idealism
Democracy
Rural - Urban
Jews
Politicians
President Roosevelt
Short-of-War Steps
Incidents
War-Peace Issue
Referendum on Peace or War
Representative Government
Subterfuge
Interventionists
Leadership
Freedom of Speech
Integrity
Unity
Christianity
Morality
Post-War Peace
Personal References
Organizing Noninterventionists
A.F.C.
FIFTH FILE DRAWER:
SECTIONALISM AND AMERICAN FOREIGN AFFAIRS:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
New England:
Interpretive Memos
General Data and Accounts
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
Middle Atlantic States:
Interpretive Memos
General Data and Accounts
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
The South:
Interpretive Memos
General Data and Accounts
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
The Middle West:
Interpretive Memos
General Data and Accounts
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
Great Plains States:
Interpretive Memos
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
Mountain and Great Basin States:
Interpretive Memos
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
The West Coast:
Interpretive Memos
Individual States (Alphabetical)
A.F.C. Chapters (General and Then By States)
ETHNIC AND RACIAL GROUPS:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
German-Americans:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
German-American Isolationists
German-American Internationalists
Steuben Society of America
German-American National Alliance; Einheitsadnt
German-American Bund
German Propaganda
German Language Newspapers
Joe McWilliams
Lawrence Dennis
Frank and Viereck-Hill Machine
Laura Ingalls
F. B. Burch
Flanders Hall
Fascism
Sedition Trials
F.B.I.
Dies Committee
Irish-Americans
Italian-Americans
Anglo-Saxons
Scandinavian-Americans
Negroes
RELIGIOUS AND CHURCH GROUPS:
Interpretative Memos
General Accounts
Inter- or Non-Denominational Church and Religious Influences
Protestant Churches, Groups, and Leaders
Catholic Church and Leaders
Jewish Leaders and Influences
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
Nazi Persecution of Jews
F.D.R. Administration and Jews and Anti-Semitism
Jewish Isolationists
Jewish Interventionists and Internationalists
Anti-Semitic Interventionists
Anti-Semitic Isolationists
A.F.C. Policies on Anti-Semitism
Pelley Silver Shirts
Scribner's Commentator
Edward J. Smythe
Social Justice Movement - Father Coughlin
Mrs. Dilling's Mothers
SIXTH FILE DRAWER:
AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE:
Summer, 1940
Fall, 1940
Executive Committee (Board of AFC Corporation)
National Committee
Headquarters Staff
Washington Lobby and Research Bureau
Miscellaneous Non-Member Supporters
Organizational Policy
Control of Local Chapters
Control of Sub-Chapters
Number of Members and Chapters
Chapter Dissolution File
Financial Policy and Problems
Financial Contributors
Local Chapter Finances
Contributors to Chapters
AFC Principles
Miscellaneous Foreign Policy Views
Views on Great Britain
Views on Negotiated Peace
Views on Latin America
Views on Germany and Italy
Views on National Defense
Views on Russo-German War
Views on Japan and Far East
Economic Views
Policies in Battle Against Intervention
Policies on Speakers
AFC Speakers
Pamphlets, Releases, and Advertising of AFC
Cartoon Service
Boycotts
March on Washington
Impeachment Idea
Policies Toward Other Organizations
Policies on Undesirables
Chapter Policies on Undesirables
Policies on Anglophobes
Policies on Pacifists
Policies on Pro-Axis Elements
AFC and Communists
AFC and Socialists
AFC and Intellectuals
AFC and Colleges and College Men for Defense First
AFC and Negroes
AFC and Labor
AFC and Farmers
AFC and Veterans and American Legion
AFC and Servicemen
Avoiding Military Service and AFC
Pro-Axis Support
Miscellaneous Undesirable Support (Alphabetical)
Policies on Criticism of AFC
Criticism of AFC
Legion Pamphlet on AFC in California
Discrimination and Pressures Against AFC and AFC Members
AFC and FBI and Dies Committee
AFC Criticism of Interventionists
National Headquarters After Pearl Harbor
Chapter Recommendations For Future Policies After Pearl Harbor
Recommendations of AFC Leaders Re: Course After Pearl Harbor
AFC Leaders After Dissolution
AFC Accomplishments (Evaluations)
SEVENTH FILE DRAWER:
NEUTRALITY ACTS AND OTHER NONINTERVENTIONIST PROPOSALS:
Interpretive Memos
Historical Background and Precedents
General Accounts
Proposals in 1933
Johnson Act of 1934
Nye Munitions Investigation:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
Early Efforts to Control International Munitions Traffic
Background of Investigation (European)
Background of Investigation (American)
Committee Members
Selecting Nye as Chairman
Staff of Investigation
Congressional Action on Investigation
Funding for Investigation
Roosevelt Administration, Hull, and Investigation
Committee Plans, Meetings, and Minutes
Atmosphere at Hearings
Anti-Business Angle
Findings on Ship Building Industry
Findings Re: Airplane Builders
Findings Re: Chaco Dispute and Latin America
Findings Re: DuPonts
Findings Re: Morgan
Taxing or Nationalizing Armament Industries
Anti-War and Navy Departments
Nye Committee and Neutrality Legislation
Controversy Re: Wilson
Sources of Support for Investigation
Foreign Opposition to Investigation
U.S. Opposition to Munitions Investigation
Summaries of Findings and Final Reports
Legislation Proposed by Nye Committee
Effects of Investigation
Ending of Committee and Investigation
British Munitions Investigation
Neutrality Act of 1935
Neutrality Act of 1936
Neutrality Act of 1937
Spanish Embargo
Ludlow Amendment, 1938:
Interpretive Memos
General Data
FDR Administration and Ludlow Amendment
Support for Ludlow Amendment
Opposition to Ludlow Amendment
House Action on Ludlow Amendment
Senate Action on Ludlow Amendment
Later Agitation for Ludlow Amendment, 1940-1941
Efforts to Revise Neutrality Legislation, Jan.-Aug.1939
Neutrality Act of 1939:
Bibliography
General
F.D.R.
Interventionists
Pittman and Senate
House of Representatives
Anti-Embargo Isolationists
Isolationists Against Embargo Repeal
Shipping Interests
Public Opinion
British and the Embargo
Panamanian Registry
Alf Landon and Embargo
Neutrality Act of 1941:
General
FDR and Neutrality Act of 1941
Interventionists
AFC and Neutrality Act of 1941
Senate
House of Representatives
Aftermath/Analysis
Public Opinion
EIGHTH FILE DRAWER:
INTERNATIONALIST AND AID-SHORT-OF-WAR PROPOSALS:
Interpretative Memos
General Accounts
League of Nations:
Isolationists and League of Nations, 1919-1931
League and Election of 1932
FDR and Isolationists and League of Nations, 1933-1941
World Court:
1923-1932
1933-1934
1934-1935
Reactions to Defeat on World Court, 1935
Negotiated Settlement, 1933-l941:
1933-1936
1937-1938--FDR and Welles Peace Plan
Munich, 1938
1939 Appeal to Hitler and Mussolini
W.R. Davis Mission, Fall, 1939
Welles Mission,
1939-1940
1940-1941
1942-1945
Early Aid to Allies
Transferring Ship Registry
Destroyer Deal
Lend Lease Act of 1941:
General Re: Lend Lease
Britain and Lend Lease
American Background of Lend Lease
FDR and Lend Lease
AFC and Lend Lease
Interventionists and Lend Lease
Foreign Affairs Committee and Lend Lease
House of Representatives and Lend Lease
Foreign Relations Committee and Lend Lease
Senate and Lend Lease
Public Opinion and Lend Lease
Mail and Press on Lend Lease
Aftermath of Lend Lease
Lend Lease Appropriations
Miscellaneous Isolationists and Lend Lease
Convoys and Atlantic Patrol:
Britain and Convoys
FDR Administration and Convoys
Isolationists and Convoys
Tobey Resolution
Patrols
Public Opinion
FDR Speech on May 27
Robin Moore
Occupation of Greenland
Occupation of Iceland
Azores and Cape Verde Islands
Red Sea War Zone
Atlantic Conference
Ship Sinkings in the Atlantic
Shoot-On-Sight Policy
Aid to China
Hoover Food Relief Bill
War-Peace Issue:
Interpretive Memos
General Statements of War-Peace Angle
80% Angle
Advisory Referendum
Polls
Ask Declaration of War
Post-War Planning and United Nations:
1921-1941
FDR Views
Isolationist Views
Senate Resolutions
Mackinac Conference
Fulbright Resolution
UNRRA, Bretton Woods, IMF, and Foreign Aid
Election of 1944
UNO, Dumbarton Oaks, and San Francisco Conference
1939-1940
1941-1942
NINTH FILE DRAWER:
DISARMAMENT AND ARMAMENTS:
Interpretative Memos
General Accounts
Disarmament Conferences Before 1932
Geneva Disarmament Conference, 1932-1934
London Naval Conference, 1934-1936
U.S. Naval Construction:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
1915-1932
FDR's Navy Views
1933-1937
1938 (and sub-headings here)
War Department in the 1930s
Stimson and Knox:
General and Interpretive
Knox Political and Economic Views
Knox Foreign Policy Views, 1931-1939
Stimson Political and Economic Views
Stimson Foreign Policy Views, 1931-1939
Appointment of Knox
Appointment of Stimson
Confirmation of Appointments of Stimson and Knox
Reactions to Appointments of Stimson and Knox
Knox and Foreign Affairs, 1940-1944
Stimson and Foreign Affairs, 1940-1948
Selective Service Act of 1940
Draft Extension 1941:
General
FDR Administration
America First
Senate
House of Representatives
Aftermath 1941-1942
Universal Military Training
Military Preparations, 1940-1941
National Service Legislation, 1942-1945
MEDIA OF MASS COMMUNICATION:
Interpretative Memos
General Accounts
Newspapers:
Interpretive Memos
General Data
FDR and the Press
New York Times
New York Herald Tribune
New York Daily News and Patterson
New York Post
PM (Ingersoll)
Washington Post
Hearst Newspapers
Chicago Tribune
Chicago News and Frank Knox
Chicago Times
Chicago Sun and M. Field
Des Moines Register and Tribune
Scripps-Howard Papers and Roy Howard
Christian Science Monitor
St. Louis Post-Dispatch and Joseph Pulitzer
Gannet Papers
Miscellaneous Papers
Magazines and Books
Radio
Motion Pictures:
General
Movies and Isolationists
Nye-Clark Investigation
Speakers at Meetings and Rallies
Public Opinion Polls
Mailing Lists
Letter Writing
Congressional Frank
TENTH FILE DRAWER:
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS, 1910-1940:
Interpretative Memos
General Accounts
Nonpartisan League
Election
1912
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
Election of 1932:
Before Conventions
National Conventions
Election Campaigns
Results and Aftermath
Election of 1934:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
FDR and Cutting Election of 1934 in New Mexico
Nye vs. Langer in North Dakota
LaFollettes--Bob and Phil
FDR and Norris, 1934
FDR and Johnson Election of 1934 in California
FDR and Shipstead Election of 1934 in Minnesota
FDR and Wheeler Election of 1934 in Montana
FDR and Pittman Election of 1934 in Nevada
B.C.Clark and Elections of 1934
Hoover and Elections of 1934
Vandenberg and Election of 1934
Couzens and Elections of 1934
McNary and Elections of 1934
Results and Evaluations of Elections of 1934
Election of 1936:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
Liberty League
Long, Coughlin, and Townsend
Progressives and FDR, 1935-1936
Borah-For-President, 1935-1936
Landon and Knox Before GOP Convention
GOP Convention of 1936
Democratic Convention of 1936
Union Party of 1936
FDR's Chautauqua Speech of 1936
Landon and Foreign Affairs, 1936
Foreign Affairs in Election of 1936
Progressive National Committee for FDR, 1936
FDR and Norris, 1936
FDR and LaFollette, 1936
FDR and Wheeler, 1936
FDR and Nye, 1936
FDR and Johnson, 1936
FDR and Borah, 1936
FDR and Shipstead, 1936
FDR and Vandenberg, 1936
FDR and General Wood, 1936
FDR and Capper, 1936
FDR and Hearst, 1936
FDR and McCormick, 1936
FDR and Taft, 1936
FDR and Fish, 1936
FDR and Couzens in Michigan in 1936
Election in California, 1936
Pinchot and Election of 1936
Glass and Election of 1936
FDR Campaign, 1936
Landon Campaign, 1936
Results of Elections of 1936
Press in 1936 Campaign
Elections of 1938 and Evaluation of Results
Election of 1940 and Third Term Issue:
General
FDR and Third Term Before Convention
Wheeler and Nomination
GOP Before Convention
Wendell Willkie
GOP Convention
Democratic Convention
Foreign Affairs in Campaign
GOP Campaign
FDR Campaign
Norris and Campaign
Isolationists and Campaign
Election Results
Aftermath
ELEVENTH FILE DRAWER:
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS, 1942-1980:
Election of 1942:
General
George W. Norris
AFC and Elections of 1942
Wisconsin
Election of 1944:
General - 1944
FDR, Democrats, and Isolationists
GOP, Willkie, Dewey, and Vandenberg
General Campaign and Election, 1944
Hamilton Fish
Gerald P. Nye
Bennett C. Clark
Election Results and Aftermath
Election of 1946:
General
Gerald P. Nye
David I. Walsh
Burton K. Wheeler
Robert M. LaFollette Jr.
Henrick Shipstead
Election of 1948
Election of 1950
Election of 1952
Election of 1954
Election of 1956
Election of 1958
Election of 1960
Election of 1962
Election of 1964
Election of 1966
Election of 1968
Election of 1970
Election of 1972
Election of 1974
Election of 1976
Election of 1978
Election of 1980
GOP Support for FDR Foreign Policy
GOP Support for Isolationism
Democratic Support for Isolationists
Democratic Support for FDR Foreign Policy
AFC and Political Activity
Communists in U.S.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS:
Interpretative Memos
General Economic Information
New Deal (General)
New Deal, 1932-1936:
General
FDR Economic Views
Before Election of 1932
FDR and Isolationists:
FDR and Individual Isolationists on New Deal
FDR and Mary Beard
Homer Bone
Borah
Capper
B.C.Clark
FDR and Coughlin
Couzens
Cutting
Fish
Hearst
Hoover
Howard
Johnson
LaFollette
Lemke
Ludlow
McAdoo
McNary
Moley
Norris
Nye
Pettengill
Pinchot
Pittman
Shipstead
Taft
Tydings
Vandenberg
Wheeler
Wood
Woodring
Ickes
British
FDR and Interventionists, 1932-1933
FDR and Hoover Administration Transition, 1932-33
Naming Cabinet and Patronage, 1932-33
Progressives and New Administration, 1932-1933
Patronage
Depression Causes
Banking Crises and Reform
Economy Act
Veterans Legislation
Relief Programs--FERA, CCC, PWA, WPA
NIRA and NRA
AAA and Farm Policies
TVA
St. Lawrence Waterway
Silver and Monetary Policies
Air Mail Contracts
Social Security
Labor Policies--7a, Wagner Act, CIO, etc.
Holding Company Act--Wheeler-Rayburn
Tax Policies
New Deal and Foreign Affairs
TWELFTH FILE DRAWER:
ECONOMIC ASPECTS, 1937-1945:
New Deal, 1937-1941:
General
FDR Economic Views
FDR and Isolationists:
Bailey
Charles A. Beard
Homer T. Bone
Borah
Capper
Boake Carter
D. Worth Clark
Cudahy
Fish
Gish
Hearst
Holt
Hiram Johnson
Hugh Johnson
Kennedy
LaFollette
Langer
Lundeen
McAdoo
McCormick
McNary
Moley
Norris
Nye
Pinchot
Pittman
Tydings
Vandenberg
Wheeler
Wood
Woodring
Court Packing Fight
Labor Policies, 1937-1941
Farm Policies, 1937-1941
Silver Policies, 1937-1941
Tax Policies, 1937-1941
Reorganization Bill
Relief Policies--WPA, PWA
Recession, 1937-38
Anti-Trust Policies
Growing Conservatism
Shift to Foreign Affairs Emphasis
New Deal, 1942-1945
London Economic Conference, 1933
St. Lawrence Seaway
War Debts:
Renegotiation in 1920s
Hoover Moratorium, 1931-1932
Default or Cancellation, 1932-1934
Johnson Act of 1934
International Trade and Trade Policies:
General and Interpretive
Trade Views, 1920s
Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930
FDR and Tariff, 1929
Reciprocity Act of 1934
FDR and Hull vs. Peek
Agriculture and Trade
Canadian Trade Agreement
St. Lawrence Seaway
Reciprocity Act of 1937
Trade Agreement with England
Reciprocity Act of 1940
Reciprocity Act of 1943
Trade With Japan
Economic Bases for Isolationism:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
Agrarian Bases for Isolationism
Business Support and Bases for Isolationism
Labor Support and Bases for Isolationism
Liberal Support and Bases for Isolationism
Conservative Support and Bases for Isolationism
Economic Bases for Internationalism:
Interpretive Memos
General Accounts
Agricultural Support and Bases for Internationalism
Labor Support and Bases for Internationalism
Industrial and Business Support and Bases for Internationalism
Investment and Financial Support and Bases for Internationalism
House of Morgan, Thomas Lamont, etc.
Desire for Military Bases and Defense Contracts
Conservative and Anti-Labor Bases for Internationalism
THIRTEENTH FILE DRAWER:
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT:
FDR - General
Interpretive Memos
Biographical Data
Personal Traits
Political Views
Economic Views
Foreign Policy Views
Views on Disarmament
Views on National Defense
FDR and Isolationists - General:
Interpretive Memos
General Discussion
FDR Isolationist and "Peace" Statements
Personal Relations with Individual Isolationists
Fear of Isolationism
Educational and Persuasive Methods
Maneuvers Around Isolationists
FDR and Radio
FDR and Motion Pictures
FDR and Public Opinion Polls
FDR and Press
Pressure and Coercive Methods
Guilt-by-Association McCarthyism
FDR's First Term, 1932-1936:
1932 Campaign
New Deal
FDR and League of Nations
FDR and World Court
London Economic Conference
Disarmament Conferences
Munitions Investigation
Neutrality Proposals, 1932-1934
Neutrality Act of 1935
Neutrality Act of 1936
Chautauqua Speech, 1936
Election of 1936
FDR's Second Term to Pearl Harbor, 1937-1941:
Court Packing Controversy, 1937
Spanish Embargo
Neutrality Act of 1937
Neutrality and Sino-Japanese War, 1937
Quarantine Speech, 1937
Recession, 1937-1938
Ludlow Amendment
1938--Anchluss, Munich, Kennedy, and Lindbergh
Elections of 1938
"Frontier on the Rhine" and Aid to Britain, 1938
Neutrality Fight, Jan. - Aug. 1939
FDR's Peace Efforts
Neutrality Act of 1939
Russo-Finnish War, 1939-1940
White and CDAAA
Stimson and Knox
Selective Service Act of 1940
Destroyer Deal, 1940
Election of 1940
Lend Lease, 1941
Convoys and Patrols
Fight for Freedom, Inc.
National Unity Theme
Extreme Interventionists Urge Presidential Leadership
May 1941 Speech--Unlimited Emergency
Greenland, Iceland, Azores, and Cape Verde
Russo-German War, 1941
LaGuardia and Office of Civilian Defense
Draft Extension, 1941
Atlantic Conference and Charter, Aug. 1941
Ship Sinking Incidents and Shoot-On-Sight Policy
Neutrality Act of 1941
Views on Declaration of War and Intervention Before Pearl Harbor
Far East in 1941
FDR During World War II:
FDR and Isolationists After Pearl Harbor
Isolationists and Military Service During World War II
Election of 1942
FDR, Nazi Agents, and Sedition Trials
Planning Post-War Peace and Organization
Election of 1944
Yalta Conference
FDR's Death
Revisionist Efforts After World War II
Election of 1946
Internal Revenue Service and AFC
FOURTEENTH FILE DRAWER:
U.S. RELATIONS WITH INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES AND REGIONS OF THE WORLD:
Europe (General)
Great Britain:
Bibliography
Interpretive Memos
General
1914-1932
1933-1936
1937-38 (Peace Plan)
1939
1940
1941
1942-1945
France
Germany
Italy
Spain
Soviet Union:
General
1920-1932
Recognition, 1932-34
1934-1938
1939-1941
Russo-German War, 1941-1943
1943-1945
1945-1955
Scandinavian Countries
Benelux States
Balkan States
Near and Middle East
North Africa
Asia and Far East (General)
Japan:
Bibliography
Interpretive Memos
General
1921-1930
1931-1933
FDR and Hull Policies
1933-1936
Sino-Japanese War Begins, 1937
Apply Neutrality Act
Quarantine Speech, October 5, 1937
Brussels Conference, 1937
Panay and Ludlow Amendment, 1937-1938
FDR Blockade Idea
Moral Embargo, 1938
Scrap Iron, 1935-1940
End Trade Treaty, 1911-1940
Defense Act of 1940
Navy Power in Pacific
Philippines
Hawaii
Oil Embargo
Freezing Assets
Argentia Conference, August 1941
Britain and Japan and the United States
U. S. and China
Negotiations, 1940-1941
Pearl Harbor Attack, December 7, 1941
Japanese-Americans
AFC and Far East
Isolationists and Asia
Interventionists and Asia
China
Southeast Asia
India
Australia and New Zealand
Pacific Islands
Latin America (General)
Caribbean and Central America
South America
Canada
II. PRINTED PRIMARY SOURCES AND PHOTOCOPIED DOCUMENTS:
These printed and photocopied primary sources are filed in vertical file manila
folders. These are organized in broad groups of folders for each general subject, with
the particular contents of each folder indicated on its divider label.
PERMISSIONS (COPIES)
AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE
America First Committee Pamphlets, Leaflets, Newspapers, Speeches, and Brochures
General Robert E. Wood
FBI and MID Files on Robert E. Wood, 1941-1946
Biographical Data on AFC Leaders and Speakers (Alphabetical)
America First Committee Membership (Cole Estimates)
Miscellaneous Important Manuals for AFC Chapters
Miscellaneous AFC Bulletins, Form Letters, etc.(Less Impt.)
AFC National and Chapter Letterheads and Officers (Alphabetical by States)
Miscellaneous Clippings and Articles on AFC and Isolationism
Miscellaneous Important Memoranda and Letters
America First Foreign Policy Views: Speeches, Memos for Speakers, Did You
Know Pamphlets,
Washington News Letters, etc.
FBI Files on America First, Nov.-Dec. 1940; Jan.-June 1941
FBI, G-2, and MID Files on America First, July-Oct.1941
FBI, G-2, and MID Files on America First, Nov.1941--Feb.1942
FBI Files on America First, Feb.-June 1942
FBI Files on America First, June-December 1942
FBI Files on America First, 1943-1953
Army Military Intelligence Files on America First Committee, on Gerald L. K. Smith's
America First Party, and on various other groups
MISCELLANEOUS ISOLATIONIST AND PACIFIST FOREIGN POLICY
PRESSURE GROUPS
FBI Files on No Foreign War Committee and Verne Marshall
Citizens Keep America Out of War Committee--Brundage, Grace, Southard, Van
Hyning, etc. (Mostly FBI Files)
Citizens Keep America Out of War Committee--William Grace (Mostly from
Criminal Division of Justice Department)
War Resisters League
Keep America Out of War Congress and John T. Flynn
National Council for the Prevention of War--Frederick Libby
ONI Files on Women's International League for Peace and Freedom--Dorothy Detzer
ONI Files on Fellowship of Reconciliation--A.J. Muste
ONI Files on Socialist Party--Norman Thomas
Miscellaneous Peace and Noninterventionist Organizations
Steuben Society of America--Theodore H. Hoffman
FBI Files on German-American Bund
German-American National Alliance
Scribner's Commentator and Herald
FBI Files on Gerald L. K. Smith's Committee of 1,000,000--1940-1943
FBI Files on Gerald L. K. Smith's America First Party,
1944-1945
FBI Files on Communist Party
MISCELLANEOUS INTERNATIONALIST AND INTERVENTIONIST FOREIGN
POLICY PRESSURE GROUPS
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies--William Allen White
Fight for Freedom, Inc., 1941
Friends of Democracy--L. M. Birkhead and Rex Stout
American Legion--California Americanism Committee
National Unity Council, 1940 (Harry Hopkins Papers)
New York City National Coordinating Committee for Democratic Action
FBI Files on Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League
FBI Files on Anti-Defamation League
Walter Winchell
GERALD P. NYE
Gerald P. Nye Biography and Personality
Gerald P. Nye Economic and Political Views, 1892-1934
Gerald P. Nye Economic and Political Views, 1935-1938
Gerald P. Nye and Foreign Relations, 1926-1938
Gerald P. Nye and Foreign Relations, 1939-1941
Gerald P. Nye Economic and Political Views, 1939-1941
Gerald P. Nye and Military Defense, 1926-1946
Gerald P. Nye and Foreign Relations, 1942-1946
Gerald P. Nye Economic and Political Views, 1942-1946
Gerald P. Nye Miscellaneous Duplicate Items
FBI Files on Gerald P. Nye, 1937-1941
FBI Files on Gerald P. Nye, 1942-1945
Gerald P. Nye Addresses at the University of North Dakota, November 1967
CHARLES A. LINDBERGH
Items on Lindbergh from FDR Library
Items on Lindbergh from National Archives
Items on Lindbergh from John T. Flynn Papers
Lindbergh Comments on Truman Smith Account on Air Intelligence (Hoover Library)
FBI Files on Lindbergh, 1933-1941
FBI Files on Lindbergh, 1941-1944
Printed and Photocopied Primary Items on Charles Lindbergh
Printed and Photocopied Secondary Items on Charles A. Lindbergh and Anne
Morrow Lindbergh
BURTON K. WHEELER
Burton K. Wheeler
FBI and Justice Department Files on B. K. Wheeler, 1932-1941
FBI and Justice Department Files on B. K. Wheeler, 1941-1961
MISCELLANEOUS ISOLATIONIST LEADERS
Chester Bowles
Stuart Chase
Stephen A. Day and Flanders Hall Book
FBI File on William Rhodes Davis
Elizabeth Dilling
Hamilton Fish
John T. Flynn "Smear Offensive" Report on Friends of Democracy and John Roy
Carlson (Wood Papers in Hoover Library)
FBI Files on William Randolph Hearst
Justice Department Files on Laura Ingalls
FBI Files on Laura H. Ingalls
FBI Files on Laura Ingalls--Section #1
FBI Files on Laura Ingalls--Section #2
FBI Files on Laura Ingalls--Section #3
FBI Files on Laura Ingalls--Section #4
Tyler Kent Case
Philip and Robert LaFollette
George N. Peek
Sedition Trial, 1942-1945
Views on Aid to U.S.S.R. (Harry Hopkins Papers)
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
Miscellaneous Clippings and Articles on FDR, Persons Around Him, and on Pearl
Harbor
CLIPPINGS ON ISOLATIONISM AFTER END OF WORLD WAR II
Writings on Isolationism After World War II, 1940s and 1950s
Writings on Isolationists in 1960s and 1970s
Writings on Isolationists in 1980s and 1990s
III. MICROFILM;
Kent, Alan Edmond. "Portrait in Isolationism: The La Follettes and Foreign Policy."
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1956.
Selected Items from Papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Concerning Neutrality and
Isolationism (1958)--Includes Transcript of FDR's "Frontier-on-the-Rhine" Meeting
with the Senate Military Affairs Committee on January 31, 1939
Selected Materials from the Papers of President Franklin D. Roosevelt--O.F. 300 - North
Dakota, and also Concerning Senator Gerald P. Nye (1959)
Selected Documents from the Papers of Lowell Mellette Concerning National Isolationist
Tendencies, 1940-1941 (1978)
Selected Documents from President's Secretary's File of Franklin D. Roosevelt Pertaining to
Military Preparations (1971)
William Rhodes Davis Letters to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Oct.1939 (1979)
Truman Smith's Account of Air Intelligence Activities, Yale University Library, New
Haven, Conn.
IV. AUDIO TAPES OF SPEECHES BY AND ABOUT ISOLATIONISTS:
Senator Gerald P. Nye Addresses, 1935-1936, and (on other side of tape), Senator Nye
Address in 1937, and Excerpts from Bob Hope/Bing Crosby Christmas Show, 1944
Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh Radio Addresses: "International Aviation," August 8, 1930,
WABC, New York; "America's Air Defense," May 19, 1940, Washington, D. C.;
and "Neutrality and War," October 12, 1939, MBS, Washington, D. C.; and (on
other side of tape) Address at America First Committee Ralley in Madison Square
Garden, New York City, May 23, 1941; Franklin D. Roosevelt Address to Joint
Session of Congress asking for Declaration of War, December 8, 1941; Charles A.
Lindbergh Address to Noninterventionist Rally in Chicago, Illinois, August 4, 1940
Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, America First Committee, Address Delivered at Manhattan
Center, New York City, April 23, 1941, and (on other side of tape) Colonel Charles
A. Lindbergh, America First Committee, Address Delivered in the Arena, St. Louis,
Missouri, May 10, 1941
Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, America First Committee, Address Delivered in Philadelphia,
PA, May 29, 1941, and (on other side of tape) Senator Burton K. Wheeler, America
First Committee, two radio addresses (undated, but one late in 1940 and the other
during Lend-Lease debate early in 1941)
General Robert E. Wood, America First Committee, Radio Address, October 26, 1940
Addresses Delivered by Senator Gerald P. Nye at the University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota (4 tapes):
"North Dakota and the New Deal," Delivered Nov.15, 1967
"Isolation and Pearl Harbor," Delivered Nov. 15, 1967
"North Dakota Politics and Personalities, Delivered Nov.16, 1967
"The Nye Committee," Delivered Nov. 17, 1967
Anne Morrow Lindbergh Interviewed by Eric Sevareid on CBS TV, May 27, 1977; and (on
other side of tape), Mrs. Lindbergh Interviewed by Morley Safer of "60 Minutes," on
CBS, April 20, 1980
Anne Morrow Lindbergh Interviewed by David McCullough on Smithsonian World, on PBS,
August 5, 1985; and (on other side of tape), "FDR: Was He Guilty of a 1941
Watergate," by Mike Wallace on Inside Yesterday, CBS, August 21, 1979
"World War II: Reality and Remembrance: The Realities of War, Scholars Roundtable, 1987
(F.Pogue & others)
Wayne S. Cole Lecture on "Isolationism to Involvement," for Series on Realities of War,
1941-1945, at Fairfax Public Library, October 24, 1987 (Funded by National
Endowment for the Humanities)
"The Start of World War II: Revisited," Cuthbert Show, WAMU, American University,
September 1, 1989
"Lindbergh and America First," on All Things Considered, National Public Radio, WAMU,
December 5, 1991 (Wayne Cole, Ruth Sarles, and John Roche)
V. PUBLISHED BOOKS BY AND ABOUT ISOLATIONISTS AND ISOLATIONISM:
Adler, Selig. The Isolationist Impulse: Its Twentieth-Century Reaction. London and New
York: Abelard-Schuman, Ltd., 1957.
Baker, Roscoe. The American Legion and American Foreign Policy. New York:
Bookman Associates, 1954.
Barnes, Harry Elmer, ed. Perpetual War For Perpetual Peace: A Critical Examination of the
Foreign Policy of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Its Aftermath. Caldwell, Idaho:
Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1953.
Barnes, Harry Elmer. Revisionism: A Key to Peace and Other Essays. San Francisco,
California: Cato Institute, 1980.
Bell, Leland V. In Hitler's Shadow: The Anatomy of American Nazism. Port Washington,
N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1973.
Beschloss, Michael R. Kennedy and Roosevelt: The Uneasy Alliance. New York: W. W.
Norton & Co., 1980.
Bolt, Ernest C., Jr. Ballots Before Bullets: The War Referendum Approach to Peace in
America, 1914-1941. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977.
Carlson, John Roy. The Plotters. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1946.
Carlson, John Roy. Under Cover: My Four Years in the Nazi Underworld of America--The
Amazing Revelation of How Axis Agents and Our Enemies Within Are Now Plotting
to Destroy the United States. Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Co., 1943.
Chester, Edward W. Sectionalism, Politics, and American Diplomacy. Metuchen, N.J.:
Scarecrow Press, 1975.
Cole, Wayne S. America First: The Battle Against Intervention, 1940-1941. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1953.
Cole, Wayne S. Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle Against American Intervention in World
War II. New York and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974.
Cole, Wayne S. Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932-45. Lincoln and London: University of
Nebraska Press, 1983.
Cole, Wayne S. Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1962.
Cooper, John Milton, Jr. The Vanity of Power: American Isolationism and the First World
War, 1914-1917. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Corp., 1969.
Crouch, Tom D., ed. Charles A. Lindbergh: An American Life. Washington, D. C.:
National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
Crowther, Samuel. America Self-Contained. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran &
Co., 1933.
Davis, Kenneth S. The Hero: Charles A. Lindbergh and the American Dream. Garden City,
N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1959.
DeConde, Alexander, ed. Isolation and Security. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1957.
Divine, Robert A. The Illusion of Neutrality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.
Doenecke, Justus D. Anti-Intervention: A Bibliographical Introduction to Isolationism and
Pacifism from World War I to the Early Cold War. New York and London: Garland
Publishing, Inc., 1987.
Doenecke, Justus D., ed. In Danger Undaunted: The Anti-Interventionist Movement of
1940-1941 as Revealed in the Papers of the America First Committee. Stanford,
Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1990.
Doenecke, Justus D., ed. The Literature of Isolationism: A Guide to Non-Interventionist
Scholarship, 1930-1972. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles, Publisher, 1972.
Doenecke, Justus D. Not to the Swift: The Old Isolationists in the Cold War Era.
Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1979.
Dowty, Alan. The Limits of American Isolation: The United States and the Crimean War.
New York: New York University Press, 1971.
Engelbrecht, H. C. and F. C. Hanighen. Merchants of Death: A Study of the International
Armament Industry. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1934.
Fish, Hamilton. FDR: The Other Side of the Coin. New York: Vantage Press, 1976.
Fish, Hamilton. Hamilton Fish: Memoir of an American Patriot. Washington, D. C.:
Regnery Gateway, 1991.
Fish, Hamilton. Tragic Deception: FDR and America's Involvement in World War II.
Old Greenwich, Connecticut: Devin-Adair, 1983.
Flynn, John T. Country Squire in the White House. New York: Doubleday, Doran and
Co., 1940.
Flynn, John T. The Road Ahead: America's Creeping Revolution. New York: Devin-Adair
Co., 1949.
Flynn, John T. The Roosevelt Myth. New York: Devin-Adair Co., 1948.
Foster, H. Schuyler. Activism Replaces Isolationism: U.S. Public Attitudes, 1940-1975.
Washington, D. C.: Foxhall Press, 1983.
Frank, Jerome. Save America First: How To Make Our Democracy Work. New York and
London: Harper & Brothers, 1938.
Gibbs, Christopher C. The Great Silent Majority: Missouri's Resistance to World War I.
Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1988.
Graebner, Norman A. The New Isolationism: A Study in Politics and Foreign Policy Since
1950. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.
[Hamilton, James Burr, ed.] Lord Lothian vs. Lord Lothian: Excerpts from the Speeches
and Writings of The Marquess of Lothian. Scotch Plains, N.J.: Flanders Hall,
Publishers, 1940.
Herring, Hubert. And So To War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938.
Hessen, Robert, ed. Berlin Alert: The Memoirs and Reports of Truman Smith. Stanford,
Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1984.
Hoke, Henry. It's a Secret. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1946.
Holbo, Paul Sothe, ed. Isolationism and Interventionism, 1932-1941. Chicago: Rand
McNally & Co., 1967.
Howe, Quincy. England Expects Every American To Do His Duty. New York: Simon and
Schuster, 1937.
Jonas, Manfred. Isolationism in America, 1935-1941. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University
Press, 1965.
Kaplan, Lawrence S. Entangling Alliances With None: American Foreign Policy in the Age
of Jefferson. Kent, Ohio and London, England: Kent State University Press, 1987.
Koskoff, David E. Joseph P. Kennedy: A Life and Times. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1974.
Liggio, Leonard P. and James J. Martin, eds. Watershed of Empire: Essays on New Deal
Foreign Policy. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles, Publisher, 1976.
Lindbergh, Anne Morrow. Diaries and Letters of Anne Morrow Lindbergh: War Within
and Without, 1939-1944. New York: Berkley Books, 1981.
Maddox, Robert James. William E. Borah and American Foreign Policy. Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State University Press, 1969.
Maney, Patrick J. "Young Bob" La Follette: A Biography of Robert M. La Follette, Jr.,
1895-1953. Columbia & London: University of Missouri Press, 1978.
Moley, Raymond. After Seven Years: A Political Analysis of the New Deal. Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press, 1971 (1939).
Mosley, Leonard. Lindbergh: A Biography. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1976.
Patterson, James T. Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert A. Taft. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co., 1972.
Peek, George N. and Samuel Crowther. Why Quit Our Own. New York: D. Van Nostrand
Co., 1936.
Pettengill, Samuel B. Smoke-Screen. New York: Southern Publishers, Inc., 1940.
Plesur, Milton, ed. An American Historian: Essays to Honor Selig Adler. Buffalo: State
University of New York at Buffalo, 1980.
Porter, David L. The Seventy-sixth Congress and World War II. Columbia and London:
University of Missouri Press, 1979.
Radosh, Ronald. Prophets on the Right: Profiles of Conservative Critics of American
Globalism. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975.
Riess, Curt. The Nazis Go Underground. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran &
Co., 1944.
Rieselbach, Leroy N. The Roots of Isolationism: Congressional Voting and Presidential
Leadership in Foreign Policy. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1966.
Rogge, O. John. The Official German Report: Nazi Penetration, 1924-1942; Pan-Arabism,
1939-Today. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961.
Ross, Walter S. The Last Hero: Charles A. Lindbergh. New York: Harper & Row, 1968.
Russett, Bruce M. No Clear and Present Danger: A Skeptical View of the United States
Entry into World War II. Harper & Row, 1972.
Sarles, Ruth. A Story of America First. Chicago: Carbon of Typed Manuscript, 1942.
This distinctive manuscript was a gift from Mrs. Ruth Sarles Benedict to Professor
Cole. Only three or four copies exist; it should be treated as a rare book.
Sayers, Michael and Albert E. Kahn, The Plot Against the Peace: A Warning to the Nation!
New York: Dial Press, 1945.
Schneider, James C. Should America Go To War?: The Debate Over Foreign Policy in
Chicago, 1939-1941. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina
Press, 1989.
Schoonmaker, Nancy and Doris Fielding Reid. We Testify. New York: Smith & Durrell,
Inc., 1941.
Smith, Geoffrey S. To Save A Nation: American Countersubversives, the New Deal, and
the Coming of World War II. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1973.
Smith, Glenn H. Langer of North Dakota: A Study in Isolationism, 1940-1959. New
York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1979.
Stenehjem, Michele Flynn. An American First: John T. Flynn and the America First
Committee. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House Publishers, 1976.
Stone, Ralph. The Irreconcilables: The Fight Against the League of Nations. New York:
W. W. Norton & Co., 1970.
Strout, Cushing. The American Image of the Old World. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
Tansill, Charles Callan. Back Door to War: Roosevelt Foreign Policy, 1933-1941.
Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1952.
Thomas, Norman and Bertram D. Wolfe. Keep America Out of War: A Program.
New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1939.
Trohan, Walter. Political Animals: Memoirs of a Sentimental Cynic. Garden City, N.Y.:
Doubleday & Co., 1975.
Tucker, Robert W. A New Isolationism: Threat or Promise? New York: Universe Books,
1972.
Vandenberg, Arthur H., Jr., ed. with Joe Alex Morris. The Private Papers of Senator
Vandenberg. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1952.
Whalen, Richard J. The Founding Father: The Story of Joseph P. Kennedy. New York:
Signet, 1966 (1964).
Wheeler, Burton K. with Paul F. Healy. Yankee From the West: The Candid, Turbulent
Life Story of the Yankee-born U.S. Senator from Montana. Garden City, N.Y.:
Doubleday & Co., 1962.
Wiltz, John Edward. In Search of Peace: The Senate Munitions Inquiry, 1934-36. Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963.
Wik, Reynold M. Henry Ford and Grass-roots America. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 1972.
Young, Donald, ed. Adventure in Politics: The Memoirs of Philip La Follette. New York:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
VI. PUBLISHED ARTICLES, PAPERS, AND PAMPHLETS ON
pp. 2-7.
Adler, Selig. "The Ghost of Isolationism." Foreign Service Journal, November 1969,
pp. 34-37.
Adler, Selig. "Isolationism Since 1914." American Scholar 21 (Summer 1952): 335-44.
Ashby, Darrell LeRoy. "Progressivism Against Itself: The Senate Western Bloc In The
1920's." Mid-America 50 (October 1968): 291-304.
Ashby, Darrell LeRoy. "William E. Borah and the Politics of Constitutionalism."
Pacific Northwest Quarterly 58 (July 1967): 119-29.
Barnes, Harry Elmer. The Court Historians versus Revisionism: An Examination of
Langer and Gleason, The Challenge to Isolation, 1937-1940 and Herbert Feis, The
Road to Pearl Harbor. Second, revised and enlarged edition, [c1954].
Barnes, Harry Elmer. Rauch on Roosevelt: A Study in Appearances and Realities. [c. 1952].
[Barnes, Harry Elmer]. Select Bibliography of Revisionist Books Dealing with the Two
World Wars and their Aftermath. Oxnard, California: Oxnard Press-Courier, [1959].
Boyle, Peter G. "The Roots of Isolationism: A Case Study." American Studies 6 (1969):
41-50.
Burke, John Richard. The New Isolationism: Antecedents and Progeny. Washington,
D. C.: Department of State Senior Seminar in Foreign Policy, 1975-1976.
Campbell, Thomas M. "The Resurgence of Isolationism at the End of World War II," in
Sellen, Robert W. and Thomas A. Bryson, eds. American Diplomatic History: Issues
and Methods. Carrollton: West Georgia College, 1974, pp. 41-56.
Carroll, John M. American Isolationism in the 1920s. St. Louis: Forum Press, 1979.
Clifford, J. Garry. "A Connecticut Colonel's Candid Conversation With the Wrong
Commander-in-Chief." Connecticut History (November 1987): 24-38.
Clifford, J. Garry. "A Note on the Break Between Senator Nye and President Roosevelt in
1939." North Dakota History 49 (Summer 1982): 14-17.
Clifford, J. Garry. "A Note on Chester Bowles's Secret Plan to End World War II."
Peace and Change 14 (January 1989): 106-22.
Clifford, J. Garry and Robert Griffiths. "Senator John A. Danaher and the Battle Against
American Intervention in World War II." Connecticut History (January 1984): 39-63
Cole, Wayne S. "America First and the South, 1940-1941." Journal of Southern History 22
(February 1956): 36-47.
Cole, Wayne S. "The America First Committee." Journal of the Illinois State Historical
Society, 44 (Winter, 1951): 305-22.
Cole, Wayne S. "American Entry into World War II: A Historiographical Appraisal."
Mississippi Valley Historical Review 43 (March 1957): 595-617.
Cole, Wayne S. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932-1935." in Proceedings of
the Conference on War and Diplomacy, 1976. Edited by David H. White. Charleston,
S.C.: The Citadel, 1976, pp. 1-11.
Cole, Wayne S. "Gerald P. Nye and Agrarian Bases for the Rise and Fall of American
Isolationism." in Three Face of Midwestern Isolationism: Gerald P. Nye, Robert E.
Wood, John L. Lewis. Edited by John N. Schacht. Iowa City: The Center for the
Study of the Recent History of the United States, 1981, pp. 1-10.
Cole, Wayne S. "Senator Key Pittman and American Neutrality Policies, 1933-1940."
Mississippi Valley Historical Review 46 (March 1960): 644-62.
Cole, Wayne S. "A Tale of Two Isolationists--Told Three Wars Later." The Society for
Historians of American Foreign Relations Newsletter 5 (March 1974): 2-16.
Cole, Wayne S. "United States Isolationism in the 1990s?" International Journal [Special Issue
on United States Foreign Policy: A New Isolationism?] 48 (Winter, 1992-3): 32-51.
Cole, Wayne S. "What Might Have Been." Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture 15
(December 1991): 20-22.
Cooper, John Milton, Jr. "William E. Borah, Political Thespian." Pacific Northwest
Quarterly 56 (October 1965): 145-58.
Curry, Leonard P. "Urbanization and Urbanism in the Old South: A Comparative View."
Journal of Southern History 40 (February 1974): 43-60.
Doenecke, Justus D. "The Anti-Interventionist Tradition: Leadership and Perceptions."
Literature of Liberty 4 (Summer 1981): 7-67.
Doenecke, Justus D. "The Debate Over Coercion: The Dilemma of America's Pacifists
and the Manchurian Crisis." Peace and Change 11 (Spring 1974): 47-52.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Edwin M. Borchard, John Bassett Moore, and Opposition to
American Intervention in World War II." Journal of Libertarian Studies VI
(Winter 1982): 1-34.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Explaining the Antiwar Movement, 1939-1941: The Next
Assignment." Journal of Libertarian Studies 8 (Winter 1986): 139-62.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Harry Elmer Barnes." Wisconsin Magazine of History 56 (Summer
1973): 311-23.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Harry Elmer Barnes: Prophet of a 'Usable' Past." The History Teacher
8 (February 1975): 265-76.
Doenecke, Justus D. "The Isolationist as Collectivist: Lawrence Dennis and the Coming of
World War II." Journal of Libertarian Studies (1977): 191-207.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Isolationists of the 1930s and 1940s: An Historiographical Essay."
West Georgia College Studies in the Social Sciences. 13 (June 1974): 5-39.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Lawrence Dennis: Revisionist of the Cold War." Wisconsin Magazine
of History 55 (Summer 1972): 274-86.
Doenecke, Justus D. The Literature of Isolationism: A Guide to Non-Interventionist
Scholarship, 1930-1972. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles, Publisher, 1972.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Non-interventionism of the Left: The Keep America Out of War
Congress, 1938-41." Journal of Contemporary History 12 (1977): 221-36.
Doenecke, Justus D. "The America First Committee: Origins and Outcome." Chronicles: A
Magazine of American Culture. 15 (December 1991): 16-19.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Towards an Isolationist Braintrust: The Establishment of the Foundation
for Foreign Affairs." Paper presented at joint session of the American Historical
Association and the American Committee on the History of World War II,
December 28, 1979.
Doenecke, Justus D. "Verne Marshall's Leadership of the No Foreign War Committee, 1940."
Annals of Iowa 41 (Winter 1973): 1153-72.
Errico, Charles J. "The New Deal, Internationalism, and the New American Consensus,
1938-1940." Maryland Historian 9 (Spring 1978): 17-31.
Gerson, Louis L. "Immigrant Groups and American Foreign Policy." in Issues and Conflicts.
Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1959, pp. 171-92.
Graebner, Norman A. "Foreign Affairs and the U.S. Constitution, 1787-1788." Proceedings
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1987, pp. 1-20.
Graebner, Norman A. "Isolationism and Antifederalism: The Ratification Debates."
Diplomatic History 11 (Fall 1987): 337-53.
Green, Fred. "The Military View of American National Policy, 1904-1940." American
Historical Review 56 (January 1961): 354-77.
Griffin, Walter R. "Louis Ludlow and the War Referendum Crusade, 1935-1941."
Indiana Magazine of History 64 (December 1968): 267-88.
Griffith, Robert. "Old Progressives and the Cold War." Journal of American History. 66
(September 1979): 334-47.
Herring, George C. and Gary R. Hess. "Regionalism and Foreign Policy: The Dying Myth of
Southern Internationalism." Southern Studies 20 (Fall 1981): 247-77.
Hewes, James E., Jr. "Henry Cabot Lodge and the League of Nations." Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society 114 (August 1970): 245-55.
Hewes, James E., Jr. "William E. Borah and the Image of Isolation." (Washington, D. C., 1972).
Holbo, Paul S. "Isolationist Critics of American Foreign Policy: A Historical Perspective."
Air University Review 19 (March-April 1968): 48-57.
Horowitz, David A. "North Dakota Noninterventionists and Corporate Culture." (Portland
State University, Portland, Oregon, 1983).
Israel, Fred I. "The Fulfillment of Bryan's Dream: Key Pittman and Silver Politics, 1918-1933."
Pacific Historical Review (November 1961): 359-80.
Kaplan, Lawrence S. "Toward Isolationism: The Jeffersonian Republicans and the
Franco-American Alliance of 1778." (Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 1974).
Kauffman, Bill. "The Merchants of Death of Sunset Boulevard." Chronicles: A Magazine of
American Culture 17 (May 1993): 45-48.
Kendall, Richard H. "The Limits of Commitment: Edwin Borchard and Neutrality Under Law."
(University of New York at Albany, 1965).
Krauthammer, Charles. "Isolationism, Left and Right." New Republic, March 4, 1985, pp. 18-25.
Larson, Lawrence H. "William Langer: A Maverick in the Senate." Wisconsin Magazine of
History 44 (Spring 1961): 189-98.
Leffler, Melvyn P. "Political Isolationism, Economic Expansionism, or Diplomatic Realism:
American Policy toward Western Europe, 1921-1933." Perspectives in American
History 8 (1974): 413-61.
Leonard, Robert James. "From County Politics to the Senate: The Learning Years for
Senator Nye." North Dakota History 39 (Summer 1972): 14-23.
Leonard, Robert James. "The Nye Committee: Legislating Against War." North Dakota
History 41 (Fall 1974): 20-28.
Lotchin, Roger W. "The City and the Sword: San Francisco and the Rise of the
Metropolitan-Military Complex, 1919-1941." Journal of American History 55
(March 1979): 996-1020.
Lowitt, Richard. "Documents: Progressive Farm Leaders and Hoover's Moratorium."
Mid-America 50 (July 1968): 236-39.
Mazuzan, George T. "The Failure of Neutrality Revision in Mid-Summer, 1939: Warren R.
Austin's Memorandum of the White House Conference of July 18." Vermont History
42 (Summer 1974): 239-44.
McKenna, Marian C., Claudius O. Johnson, J. Chalmers Vinson, and Frank Church. Senator
William E. Borah: His Contribution to Peace. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho, 1964.
Paterson, Thomas G. "Isolationism Revisited." The Nation, September 1, 1969, pp. 166-69.
Patterson, James T. "Eating Humble Pie: A Note on Roosevelt, Congress, and Neutrality
Revision in 1939." Historian 31 (May 1969): 407-14.
Platt, Rorin M. "The Triumph of Interventionism: Virginia's Political Elite and Aid to Britain,
1939-1941." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 100 (July 1972): 343-64.
Porter, David L. "Senator Warren Austin and the Neutrality Act of 1939." Vermont History
42 (Summer 1974): 228-38.
Potter, Pitman B. "The Myth of American Isolation." The Current History Magazine,
November 1924, pp. 205-10.
Ruetten, Richard T. "Senator Burton K. Wheeler and Insurgency in the 1920's." in
The American West: A Reorientation 32 (1966): 111-31.
Rylance, Daniel. "A Controversial Career: Gerald P. Nye, 1925-1946." North Dakota
Quarterly 36 (Winter 1968): 5-19.
Schaffer, Ronald. "General Stanley D. Embick: Military Dissenter." Military Affairs 37
(October 1973): 89-95.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. "A Comment on "Roosevelt and His Foreign Policy Critics.'"
Political Science Quarterly 94 (Spring 1979): 33-35.
Schruben, Francis W. "The Return of 'Alfalfa Bill' Murray." Chronicles of Oklahoma
(Spring 1963): 38-65.
Schwabe, Klaus. Der Amerikanische Isolationismus IM 20. Jahrhundert: Legende und
Wirklichkeit. Wiesbaden: Frankfurter Historische Vortrage, 1975.
Seabury, Paul. The Waning of Southern "Internationalism." Princeton: Center of
International Studies, 1957.
Smith, Geoffrey S. "Isolationism, the Devil, and the Advent of the Second World War:
Variations on a Theme." International History Review 4 (February 1982): 55-89.
Smith, Glenn H. "Senator William Langer and Military Conscription, 1945-1959."
North Dakota Quarterly 37 (Autumn 1969): 14-24.
Steele, Richard W. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and His Foreign Policy Critics." Political
Science Quarterly 94 (Spring 1979): 15-32.
Thompson, John A. "Another Look at the Downfall of 'Fortress America.'" Journal of
American Studies 26 (1992): 393-408.
Thompson, John A. "The Exaggeration of American Vulnerability: The Anatomy of a
Tradition." 16 (Winter 1992): 23-43.
Turner, James. "Understanding the Populists." Journal of American History 67
(September 1980): 354-73.
Vinson, J. Chal. "War Debts and Peace Legislation: The Johnson Act of 1934."
Mid-America 50 (July 1968): 206-22.
Walker, Samuel. "Communists and Isolationism: The American Peace Mobilization,
1940-1941." Maryland Historian 4 (Spring 1973): 1-12.
Walker, J. Samuel. "Henry A. Wallace As Agrarian Isolationist, 1921-1930."
Agricultural History 49 (July 1975): 532-48.
Weinberg, Albert K. "The Historical Meaning of the American Doctrine of Isolation."
American Political Science Review 34 (June 1940): 539-47.
Wilkins, Robert P. "Middle Western Isolationism: A Re-examination."
North Dakota Quarterly (Summer 1957): 69-76.
Williams, William Appleman. "The Legend of Isolationism in the 1920s." Science and
Society 18 (Winter 1954): 1-20.
Wiltz, John Edward. "The Nye Committee Revisited." The Historian 23 (February 1961):
211-33.