WAYNE S. COLE RESEARCH COLLECTION
This collection of the professional correspondence of Wayne S. Cole of the
Department of History at the University of Maryland-College Park covers the years
from 1946 to 1994--roughly the last half of the twentieth century. It is organized in
three parts: 1) Correspondence with professional associates (arranged alphabetically
by name of correspondent and chronologically in the correspondence with each
individual); 2) correspondence relating to Professor Cole's books, articles, and papers
presented at professional meetings (arranged chronologically); and 3) correspondence
relating to the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR)
(arranged in topical folders).
Wayne S. Cole was a professional historian specializing in the history of
American foreign relations, particularly during the Franklin D. Roosevelt era before
and during World War II. Much of his research and writing focused on noninterventionist
or so-called "isolationist" opposition to American involvement in World War II.
Cole was born in Manning in western Iowa on November 11, 1922 of
Scotch-Irish and Norwegian-American descent. In 1936 he moved with his parents
and younger sister to Slater in central Iowa where he graduated from high school in
1940. He attended Iowa State Teachers College in Cedar Falls before enlisting in the
Army Air Force during World War II. He trained as a single-engine airplane pilot,
receiving his pilot wings and commission at Luke Field, Arizona on February 8, 1944.
Ordered to flight instructor school at Randolph Field, Texas, he served as a basic flight
instructor at Merced Army Air Base in California, and later at Minter Field, Bakersfield,
California, until the war ended in September 1945.
Returning to civilian life, Cole graduated from Iowa State Teachers College
(now called the University of Northern Iowa) in 1946 and taught high school one year
before enrolling in graduate school at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Specializing
in American diplomatic history under the direction of Professor Fred Harvey Harrington,
Cole earned his master's degree in 1948 and his doctorate in January 1951.
On December 24, 1950, he married Virginia Rae Miller in Madison, Wisconsin.
They had one son, Thomas Roy Cole, born in Ames, Iowa on August 29, 1960.
In 1950, Cole began his university teaching career at the University of Arkansas
in Fayetteville before accepting a visiting position at Iowa State College in 1952 and
moving there for a regular appointment in 1954. His first two books (on the America
First Committee and on Senator Gerald P. Nye) were published while he was on the
faculty there, and in 1962-63 he served as a Fulbright lecturer at the University of
Keele in England while on leave from Iowa State University.
In 1965, Cole was appointed professor of history at the University of Maryland
in College Park where he taught American diplomatic history for twenty-seven years.
While on the faculty at the University of Maryland he wrote four books: an interpretive
textbook on the history of American foreign relations, a study of Charles A. Lindbergh's
noninterventionist activities before American entry into World War II, a major volume
on Franklin D. Roosevelt and the isolationists, and a general study of diplomatic
relations between Norway and the United States from 1905 to 1955. He was awarded
fellowships by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1973) and the
National Endowment for the Humanities (1978-79). He held various positions in the
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR), rising to become
national president of SHAFR in 1973. The University of Maryland named him
Distinguished Scholar-Teacher in 1989-90. After his retirement in 1992 at the age of
69, Cole was named professor emeritus, and continued to live in suburban Maryland
just outside Washington, D. C. In 1994 the Society for Historians of American Foreign
Relations honored him with the Norman and Laura Graebner Award as the senior
historian who had contributed most significantly to the fuller understanding of
American diplomatic history. His seventh and last book, published in 1995, was a
collection of interpretive essays entitled, Determinism and American Foreign
Relations During the Franklin D. Roosevelt Era.
Professional Correspondence
Adams - Anderson
Anglo-American - Axel
Bader - Baxter
Beale - Berthrong
Biggerstaff - Boyle
Bradbury - Butler
Call - Clifford
Cobb - Cover
Cole, Wayne S.
Craven - Curti
Dallek - Divine
Dodd - Downs
Doenecke, Justus D.
Drummond - Dyson
Eames - Evans
Fahrney - Fite
Folsom - Fulkerson
Gaddis - Girard
Glad - Graebner
Grantham - Gwiazda
Haber - Hayter
Harrington, Fred Harvey
Harrington Festschrift
Healy - Hitchman
Hodgkinson - Hunter
Iriye - Israel
Jablon - Jones
Kajiura - Kepley
Kerr - Kyvig
LaFeber - Leffler
Lenihan - Lundestad
MacLean, Elizabeth K.
Maney - May
McCluggage - McWilliams
Mearns - Mugridge
Nash - Nussbaum
O'Boyle - Owlett
Parham - Pletcher
Plischke - Prange
Ragland - Ritchie
Roberts - Rylance
Sage - Shannon
Sharp - Smart
Smith - Smythe
Sniegoski - Sylvester
Talbot - Thomas
Thompson - Tuttle
Ubbelohde - Utley
Van Alstyne - Vinson
Walker, J. Samuel
Wall - Whitnah
Wiebenga - Woodward
Xu - Zobrist
Correspondence Relating to Professor Cole’s Published Books, Arcticles,
Chapters, and Papers Presented At Professional Meetings
Correspondence with former leaders of the America First Committee
and with others involved in the foreign policy debate before
Pearl Harbor (1947-1952).
"War or Peace: America First Committee Strategy, 1940-1941," Paper
presented at joint session of MVHA and AHA, New York City,
December 28, 1951.
Books, New York, 1971.
"America First and the South, 1940-1941," Paper presented at session
of MVHA, Madison, Wisconsin, April 23, 1954, and published
as an article in Journal of Southern History 22 (February, 1956): 36-47.
"American Entry into World War II: A Historiographical Appraisal,"
"Senator Key Pittman and American Neutrality Policies, 1933-1940,"
"Senator Gerald P. Nye and Agrarian Bases for American Isolationism," Paper
presented at session of Mississippi Valley Historical Association
meeting, Detroit, Michigan, on April 22, 1961.
Press, Westport, Conn., 1980.
"The United States in World Affairs, 1929-1941," in Interpreting and
Richard L. Watson, Jr. Thirty-First Yearbook of the National
Council for the Social Studies, Washington, D. C., 1961, pp. 282-95.
"An Interpretive Approach to the History of American Foreign Relations,"
Paper presented at Forty-Second Annual Conference of the
Teachers of History and the Social Studies, State University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, April 3, 1964. This paper in almost
identical form also was presented at a session at the meeting of
the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association
at Stanford University, California, August 29, 1967.
Comments on Manfred Jonas paper, "Pro-Axis Sentiment and
American Isolationism," at meeting of Mississippi Valley
Historical Association, Kansas City, Missouri, April 22-24, 1965.
"Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Neutrality Policies," Paper
presented at joint session of OAH and AHA, San Francisco,
California, December 28-30, 1965.
the Origins of the Cold War," at session of the Southern
Historical Association meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana,
November 7, 1968.
"Domestic Influences on United States Foreign Relations in the
Twentieth Century," Paper presented at Conference on the
National Archives and Foreign Relations Research, Washington,
D. C., June 16-17, 1969, and published as a chapter in
"Japanese-American Relations, 1931-1941: The Role of the United
States Congress and Political Parties," Paper presented at
Conference on Japanese-American Relations, 1931-1941, in
Kawaguchi, Japan, July 14-18, 1969, and published as a chapter
in Pearl Harbor as History: Japanese-American Relations, 1931-1941,
edited by Dorothy Borg and Shumpei Okamoto with
Dale K. A. Finlayson, New York and London: Columbia
University Press, 1973, pp. 303-320, and also in a four-volume
Japanese-language edition published in Tokyo, Japan.
"American Isolationists and the Axis Challenges," Unpublished book
written for series being edited by Norman A. Graebner for
Ginn-Blaisdell Publishers.
"Access to Government Documents: Current Developments--United
States and British Diplomatic Records," Paper presented at
AHA meeting, December 1972.
"A Tale of Two Isolationists--Told Three Wars Later," SHAFR
Presidential Address, presented at SHAFR luncheon at
AHA meeting, San Francisco, California, December 28,
1973, and published in The Society for Historians of
An Interpretive History of American Foreign Relations. Revised
edition. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press, 1974.
Fellowship at Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Smithsonian "Castle," Washington, D. C., January through
August, 1973.
Reviews of Lindbergh book.
"Isolationism," in Dictionary of American History, Revised
edition, 1976, vol. III, pp. 479-80.
Comments for session on Quantitative History, Southern
Historical Association meeting, Dallas, Texas,
November 7, 1975.
Comments on paper by Dr. Milton O. Gustafson on "Records
in the National Archives Relating to America and the
Holy Land," Washington, D. C., September 9, 1975,
and published in With Eyes Toward Zion: Scholars
Moshe Davis, New York: Arno Press, 1977, pp. 153-58.
"Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932-1945,"
Address at Conference on War and Diplomacy, The
Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, March 12, 1976,
and published in Proceedings of the conference, edited
by David H. White, 1976, pp. 1-11.
"Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle Against Intervention,"
Lecture at National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D. C., May 20, 1977, at a
symposium on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of
Lindbergh's flight from New York to Paris, and published
in Charles A. Lindbergh: An American Life, edited by
Tom D. Crouch, Washington: National Air and Space
Museum, 1977, pp. 49-56.
Comments on paper by Dr. William B. Bader on "Congress and
the 'War Powers': Roosevelt's 'Little" War," at the
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
Washington, D. C., October 26, 1977.
"Midwestern Isolationism in the Twentieth Century," Louis
Martin Sears Lecture, Purdue University, West LaFayette,
Indiana, February 22, 1978.
"Henrik Shipstead," in Dictionary of American Biography:
Sons, 1980, pp. 577-79.
Chair of session on "Conflict in the Department of State over
Latin American Policy, 1937- 1947," American Historical
Association meeting, New York, New York,
December 29, 1979.
"Gerald P. Nye and Agrarian Bases for the Rise and Fall of
American Isolationism," Paper presented at conference
at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, April 2, 1980,
and later published in Three Faces of Midwestern
Center for the Study of the Recent History of the United
States, 1981, pp. 1-10.
Editorial Board of The Historian, 1980-1991.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York, 1952-1990.
Herbert Hoover Library, West Branch, Iowa, 1969-1981.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for FBI and
Justice Department documents relevant for project on
"Roosevelt and the Isolationists," 1976-1981.
National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for
Independent Study and Research and Sabbatical Leave
from the University of Maryland, 1978-1979.
"Roosevelt and the Isolationists," Paper presented at symposium
in honor of the retirement of Fred Harvey Harrington,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, April 29, 1982.
Reviews of Roosevelt and the Isolationists.
Comments for session on "New Evidence on Pearl Harbor" at
Sixth Naval History Symposium, United States Naval
Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, September 29, 1983.
Chair for session on "Franklin D. Roosevelt and American
Intervention in World War II" at joint session of
SHAFR and Pacific Coast Branch of the AHA,
Stanford, California, June 27, 1985.
"With the Advice and Consent of the Senate: The
Treaty-Making Process before the Cold War Years,"
at the Jacob K. Javits Collection Inaugural Conference
on Congress and United States Foreign Policy, State
University of New York at Stony Brook, New York,
October 24, 1985, and later published in Congress and
Force in the Nuclear Age
Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987, pp. 79-89.
"America First Committee" and "Isolationism," in Franklin D.
edited by Otis L. Graham, Jr. and Meghan Robinson
Wander, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1985, pp. 6, 211-13.
Consultant for "The Road to War" television series, BBC and
WETA, 1984-1989.
Comments on paper by Magne Skodvin on "Nordic or North
Atlantic? The Postwar Scandinavian Debate," Woodrow
Wilson Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D. C., September 26, 1988.
"World War II: Reality and Remembrance," Lecture series
sponsored by Fairfax County Libraries, Virginia and
NEH, 1986-1989.
"Isolationism," in Harry S. Truman Encyclopedia, edited by
Richard S. Kirkendall, Boston: G. K. Hall and Co., 1989,
pp. 179-80.
Oral History Program of the Association for Diplomatic Studies
(Richard B. Parker and Charles Stuart Kennedy),
Washington, D. C., 1987-1989.
University of Maryland at College Park, MD,
December 22, 1989.
"American Appeasement," in Appeasement in Europe: A Reassessment
Challener, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990, pp. 1-20.
Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Award, University of Maryland -
College Park, 1989-1990.
Comments on paper by Irwin Gellman on "The Downfall of Sumner
Welles, 1942-43," and chair of session on "United States - Latin
American Relations During World War II," at Conference of
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, George
Washington University, Washington, D. C., June 19-22, 1991.
never written nor published).
"Isolationism," in Reader's Companion to American History,
edited by Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991, pp. 575-77.
"What Might Have Been," Chonicles: A Magazine of American
the America First Committee--50 years later).
"You Can't Get There from Here--But I Did! Determinism and the
History of American Foreign Relations," The Society for
(September 1992): 17-37.
"From Isolation to Intervention in World War II, 1933-41," in
Safeguarding the Republic: Essays and Documents in American
York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992, pp. 87-107.
"United States Isolationism in the 1990s?" in International Journal 48
(Winter 1992-3): 32-51.
"Isolationism," in Encyclopedia of the American Presidency. New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1993.
"And Then There Were None! How Arthur H. Vandenberg and Gerald
P. Nye Separately Departed Isolationist Leadership Roles," in
Behind the Throne: Servants of Power to Imperial Presidents,
Edited by Thomas J. McCormick and Walter LaFeber, Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1993, pp. 232-53.
Comments at Symposium in Honor of Fred Harvey Harrington,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, March 11-12, 1994.
"Gerald P. Nye," "Nye Committee," and "Lend-Lease," in Encyclopedia
Bennett Champ Clark, Charles A. Lindbergh, Gerald P. Nye, Edward
Rickenbacker, and Burton K. Wheeler, in American National
Remembering World War II. Supervising Editor, Sylvia Riggs Liroff,
Washington: National Council on the Aging, 1994.
Charles A. Lindbergh, and Ludlow Amendment, in The Encyclopedia of
Council on Foreign Relations, 1995.
Correspondence Relating to Society For Historians of American Foreign
Relations (SHAFR)
Joseph P. O'Grady and Early Years of SHAFR, 1967-1974.
Search for new SHAFR Executive Secretary to Replace Joseph P.
O'Grady, 1973.
Warren F. Kuehl and SHAFR, 1973-1987.
Lawrence S. Kaplan and SHAFR, 1973-l981.
Stuart L. Bernath Prizes, 1972-1974 (1969-1993).
SHAFR Newsletter (Gerald E. Wheeler, Nolan Fowler, and William J.
Brinker), 1969-1989.
Leon E. Boothe, SHAFR Membership Committee, 1973-1974.
SHAFR Roster and Research Lists.
SHAFR By-Laws
Regional SHAFR Meeting, 1973.
SHAFR Council Meetings, 1967-1981.
SHAFR Business Meetings, 1968-1971.
SHAFR Meeting with AHA, San Francisco, CA, December 27-28, 1973.
Cole's SHAFR Presidential Address, "A Tale of Two Isolationists
--Told Three Wars Later," San Francisco, California, December 28, 1973.
Background of SHAFR History Journal--Diplomatic History--1972-1977.
SHAFR Budget and Finances, 1968-1983.
SHAFR Programs and Program Committees, 1970-1992.
SHAFR Nominating Committee, 1973.
SHAFR Elections, 1970-1990.
SHAFR and Department of State Fellowships or Internships for
Foreign Relations Series, 1969.
Background and Accomplishment of SHAFR Guide to American
Declassification of Department of State Records, 1967-1977.
Gary R. Hess, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of SHAFR, 1979-1981.
David F. Trask and the Department of State Foreign Relations Series, 1976-1981.
SHAFR Committee on Government Relations, 1980-1989
--Correspondence.
SHAFR Committee on Government Relations, 1979-1993
--Miscellaneous Documents and Clippings.
6th Annual SHAFR Meeting, University of Maryland - College Park,
August 14-16, 1980.
W. Stull Holt Dissertation Fellowship Committee, 1987-1989.
16th Annual SHAFR Meeting, University of Maryland - College Park,
August 1-4, 1990.
Department of State - Non-Governmental Organizations Workshop,
Washington, D. C., July 8-9, 1975.
American Committee on the History of the Second World War.
REGISTER AND FINDING AID FOR RESEARCH MATERIALS
ON
AMERICAN ISOLATIONISM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
BY
WAYNE S. COLE
Department of History
University of Maryland - College Park
College Park, Maryland
The research materials in this collection were accumulated and compiled during
the thirty-five years between 1947 and 1982 by Professor Wayne S. Cole of the
Department of History at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. They
were used as the bases for his books on American isolationism and isolationists:
America First: The Battle Against Intervention, 1940-1941 (1953); Senator Gerald P.
Nye and American Foreign Relations (1962); Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle
Against American Intervention in World War II (1974); and Roosevelt and the
Isolationists, 1932-45 (1983); as well as for his various articles and chapters on the
subject.
The collection consists of six categories of materials: 1) notes typed in the
course of research in more than one hundred relevant manuscript and archival collections
In the United States and England; 2) printed primary sources and photocopies of
documents; 3) microfilm of relevant documents; 4) audio tapes of speeches by and
about isolationists and isolationism; 5) published books on American isolationism and
isolationists; and 6) reprints of scholarly articles on the subject. The first category is
unique.
1). TYPED RESEARCH NOTES
These notes were typed in the course of doing research in manuscripts and
documents located in the following libraries, archives, and depositories:
Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Bentley Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Georgetown University Library, Washington, D. C.
Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Hoover Library on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford, California.
Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D. C.
Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas.
Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota.
National Archives and Records Center, Washington, D. C.
New York Public Library, New York, New York.
Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey.
Public Record Office, London, England.
State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Theodore R. McKeldin Library, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa.
University of Oregon Library, Eugene, Oregon.
University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.
William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
The following is a list of the specific manuscript and archival collections
researched in those twenty-four depositories as well as in private hands:
Ackerman, Carl W., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Alsop, Joseph W., and Alsop,Stewart J.O., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington,D.C.
America First Committee Papers, Hoover Library on War, Revolution and Peace,
Stanford, California.
Arnold, Henry H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Bailey, Josiah W., Papers, William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina.
Balderston, John I., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Barkley, Alben W., Papers, Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky.
Benedict, Ruth Sarles, Papers, Washington, D. C.
Berle, Adolf A., Papers and Diary, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Biddle, Francis, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Bixby, Harold M., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Borah, William E., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Breckinridge, Henry, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
British Foreign Office Records, Public Record Office, London, England.
Burton, Harold H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Castle, William R., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Clapper, Raymond, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Committee to Defend America Papers, Princeton University Library, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Connally, Tom, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Couzens, James, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Creel, George, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Cutting, Bronson M., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Davis, Elmer, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Davis, Norman H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Dern, George H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Dodd, William E., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Early, Stephen T., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Farley, James A., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Fight for Freedom Committee Papers, Princeton University Library, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Fletcher, Henry P., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Flynn, John T., Papers, University of Oregon Library, Eugene, Oregon.
Frankfurter, Felix, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Glass, Carter, Papers, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Green, Theodore Francis, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Halifax, Lord, Papers, Public Record Office, London, England.
Holmes, John Haynes, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Hoover, Herbert, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Hopkins, Harry, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Hull, Cordell, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Ickes, Harold L., Papers and Diary, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Johnson, Hiram, Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Knox, Frank, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
LaFollette Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
LaFollette, Philip F., Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
LaGuardia, Fiorello H., Papers, Municipal Archives and Records Center, New York
Public Library, New York, New York.
Land, Emory Scott, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Landon, Alf M., Papers, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas.
Lewis, James Hamilton, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Lindbergh, Charles A., Papers, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut.
Long, Breckinridge, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
McAdoo, William Gibbs, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
McNary, Charles L., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
MacNider, Hanford, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Marshall, Verne, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Mellett, Lowell, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Mills, Ogden L., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Milton, George Fort, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Moffat, Jay Pierrepont, Papers and Diary, Houghton Library, Harvard University,
Cambridge,Massachusetts.
Moore, R. Walton, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., Presidential Diaries, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde
Park, New York.
Norris, George W., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Nye, Gerald P., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Phillips, William, Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Pinchot, Amos R. E., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Pittman, Key, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Rainey, Henry T., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Reid Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Richberg, Donald R., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Rosenman, Samuel I., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Sayre, Francis B., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Schwellenbach, Lewis, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Sevareid, Eric, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Shipstead, Henrik, Papers, Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Shouse, Jouett, Papers, Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky.
Smith, Truman, "Air Intelligence Activities: Office of the Military Attache, American
Embassy,Berlin, Germany, August 1935--April 1939 with Special Reference to
the Service of Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, Air Corps (res.)," Sterling
Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Stimson, Henry L., Papers and Diary, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut.
Stuart, R. Douglas, Jr., Papers, Chicago, Illinois.
Taft, Robert A., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Tansill, Charles C., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Thomas, Elbert D., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Trohan, Walter, Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Tugwell, Rexford G., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Tydings, Millard F., Papers, Theodore R. McKeldin Library, University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland.
U.S. Congress, House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Papers,
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, House of Representatives Papers Supporting Bills and Resolutions,
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Papers, National Archives,
Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, Senate Papers Supporting Bills and Resolutions, National Archives,
Washington, D. C.
U.S. Congress, Senate Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry Records,
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation Papers, J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D. C.
U.S. Justice, Department of, Papers, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
U.S. State, Department of, Records, National Archives, Washington, D. C.
Vandenberg, Arthur H., Papers, Bentley, Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan.
Villard, Oswald Garrison, Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Wadsworth Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Wagner, Robert F., Papers, Georgetown University Library, Washington, D. C.
Wallace, Henry A., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Wallace, Henry A., Papers and Diary, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa.
Walsh, David I., Papers, Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester,
Massachusetts.
Walsh-Erickson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
White, Wallace H., Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
White, William Allen, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Wilson, Hugh R., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Wood, Robert E., Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa.
Note that the extensiveness of the research in these collections varied widely.
In some collections (e.g. the Gerald P. Nye papers) the research involved examining
every piece of paper in the entire collection. In others (e.g. the Henry L. Stimson
papers and diaries) the research involved only those portions directly related to the
project at hand. In some cases (e.g. the America First Committee papers and the
Walter Trohan papers) additions were made to the collection after the research for
this file was accomplished and those additions to the collection were not examined.
In still other cases (e.g. the Franklin D. Roosevelt papers) the research was
accomplished before all items were opened, but the researcher returned to re-examine
the papers again after additional items were opened and made available to scholars.
Thus for the subject of American isolationism (especially in the 1930s and 1940s)
the research is as thorough and complete as possible; that would not necessarily be
the case for other topics treated in the several manuscript and archival collections.
FORMAT OF THESE RESEARCH NOTES:
All of these notes were typed on sheets of paper 5 inches by 8 inches in size,
with both a ribbon copy and a carbon copy--filed separately. The notes typed from
the America First Committee Papers in Hoover Library do not include carbons; they
used cross-reference slips instead for the filing system. A few of the notes were
written by hand; there are no carbons of the handwritten notes. All the other notes
typed for this collection, however, include both a ribbon copy and a carbon--filed
separately.
The upper left-hand corner of each note lists the topic or topics treated in the
note. The upper right-hand corner lists the source or original document from which
it was typed, its details, and its location. Notes typed from the America First
Committee papers at Stanford do not list the name of the collection; all other notes
do list the collection from which typed. Occasionally copies of a document were in
more than one collection or file (e.g. original in one file and the carbon in another),
so sometimes one may encounter as many as four copies of a single document in this
file (i.e. two ribbon and two carbon copies).
Nearly all of the notes are direct quotations from the original documents.
When portions of the original document were not included in the typed research note
the omission was indicated with periods (i.e. three periods when the omitted material
was all within one sentence; four or more periods when the omitted material included
the end of a sentence or consisted of a full sentence or more.)
handled by a "backhanded" proof reading system. That is, if there was an error in the
original document being copied, this was noted as follows: (wsc sic). One then knows
that the error was in the original document and if quoted should be quoted with the
error of the original included. Any error in a research note that is NOT marked
(wsc sic) was an error made in the process of typing the research note; the error was
NOT in the original document. If it is quoted the error should be corrected in the
quoted material. A commonly encountered form of typing error in these research notes
involves simple strike-over of the typing error. Another common form of typing error
in these research notes includes skipping spaces; this error was the fault of the
typewriter and is frequently encountered in these notes. Using this "backhanded"
proof-reading system one can be quite certain of accuracy in the final product.
The filing system has three color-coded levels: Half-cut blue dividers for major
subject categories; third-cut salmon dividers for sub-headings; and fifth-cut yellow
dividers for sub-sub-headings. In rare cases there are still smaller divisions that are
handled simply with paper clips. Behind each divider the notes generally are arranged
in chronological order. The major subject categories are as follows:
Bibliography and Research Data
Isolationists (General)
Noninterventionist and Pacifist Leaders
Pacifist and Noninterventionist Pre